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Anderson Cooper 360 Degrees
Tasers and Police; Beating the Heat; San Diego's Bad Luck; British Police Persevere; Arubans to Drain Pond
Aired July 26, 2005 - 19:00 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
HEIDI COLLINS, HOST: Hi, Lou. Thanks so much. Good evening everybody.
Looking for Natalee Holloway. Authorities tonight say they're draining a pond to look for the Alabama teen.
It's 7:00 p.m. on the East Coast, 4:00 p.m. on the West: 360 starts now.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
COLLINS (voice-over): Massive manhunt. Five days after police in London showed these snapshots, the attempted bombers, still at large.
And this mystery. Who's coordinating the attacks?
Hot zone. Scorching heat has officials investigating more than 40 deaths across the country. Tonight, is there is any relief in sight?
Shocking truth. With 50,000 volts of stopping power, police departments can't agree how to safely use Tasers. So, is it really a good idea to sell them to the general public?
Do anything to look young. Forget plastic surgery. Tonight, revealing secrets to successful aging.
And, eat less, live longer. Restricting calories to extend life. Could it work for you?
ANNOUNCER: Live from the CNN Broadcast Center in New York, this is ANDERSON COOPER 360.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
COLLINS: Good evening, everyone. I'm Heidi Collins filling in for Anderson Cooper.
First, as always, the questions we're taking up tonight. One, has any progress been made in the investigation into London's bomb blasts?
Two, how does Britain's large Muslim population feel about its picture -- excuse me, future?
And three, what happened to the seaside paradise nicknamed America's finest city? That last one is only a half-serious question of course, though after you see tonight's report on San Diego, you may find yourself asking it anyway.
Before any of that though, we've just had word of a development on the island of Aruba, where Natalee Holloway, the Alabama teenager who was last seen alive on the 30th of May. She has been the focus of a search ever since.
We go now live to CNN's Susan Candiotti in Miami for details. Susan, what's the latest now?
SUSAN CANDIOTTI, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Hello, Heidi. Tonight, we are learning from law enforcement sources that authorities are planning to drain a pond near the beach where Natalee Holloway was allegedly dropped off with the judge's son by two brothers the night that she disappeared.
It is unclear at this time when the work will begin. Now, CNN photographers were videotaping this pond this day and they saw two different groups of law enforcement authorities looking over the area. At one point, they were eventually asked to leave when they were told that authorities were surveying the area.
Now, it's not clear at this time what connection, if any, this gardener who allegedly gave the police this information has to this pond and what is the source of his alleged knowledge.
Now, this same gardener over the weekend, we have reported in the past, has given a statement to authorities in which he said he saw a car which he claims matches the description of the Kalpoe brothers' car. Those are two boys who had been in custody, are still considered suspects, but are no longer in jail -- that matches his car. And in that car, the gardener said that he saw not only the Kalpoe brothers, but the judge's son, Joran van der Sloot as well.
Again, at this time, we don't know where this eventual -- where this information will lead, whether -- when the authorities do plan to excavate the pond, look through the pond, drain it -- whether it this will lead them anywhere. But it might be something at least, to give the family some hope that there is some progress -- more progress being made in this case. Heidi -- Heidi?
COLLINS: Susan Candiotti, we'll come back to you if there are any developments. Thanks.
To London now, where four bombs went off three weeks ago, killing the four men who set them and 52 others. And then, four more bombs failed to go off, leaving four suspects as the objects of a massive manhunt and a man who had nothing to do with any of it shot to death by police.
The investigation was always complicated and hasn't gotten any simpler.
CNN's senior international correspondent Nic Robertson is standing by live now in London. Nic, I understand we're learning more now about two of these suspects. NIC ROBERTSON, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: The police named two of those suspects yesterday, Heidi. One, a man of Somali decent; a 24-year-old Yasin Hassan Omar. The police have been searching his house today. We've a little bit more about him. He came to Britain in 1992, He was 11 years old. He is -- although a Somali, he is now allowed to live legally here in Britain.
The other man the police named yesterday, Muktar Said Ibrahim, 27 years old. He is of Eritrean decent and we understand that he was given a British passport just last year. He also came to Britain in 1992. He was 14 years old at the time.
These two men seem to have been very closely connected, if not living in the same apartment, sharing it occasionally in north London. That nort -London apartment has been at the center of an ongoing police raid for the last two days.
That raid today seeming to yield some important information for the police. The police say they have removed material from that site. They won't say what that material is. They've not only been looking through the apartment, but there's a lock-up garage that the two men used, close by. The police have been going through that as well, emptying out some big dumpsters, taking away samples and things that were held in those big dumpsters. Neighbors say the two men were very friendly. They even linked other people in the neighborhood to the two men.
Also, we've heard from the father of Mr. Ibrahim, saying that he left the family home back in 1996. The family didn't see a lot of him around. They hadn't seen him for several months. The family, like those families we heard from in Leeds, very upset about what they heard their son has been involved in.
There does seem, in the bombing from last week, to be a strong East African connection, unlike the bombing three weeks before where that was a Pakistani connection. The head of the investigation here says too soon to draw a link between the two sets of bombings -- Heidi?
COLLINS: Nic, are you hearing anything at this point, about the possibility of a fifth bomber?
ROBERTSON: You know, the police found a bomb over the weekend and they told us that it exactly matches those four bombs that failed to go off last week.
The question was how did it get dumped in this north London park? Well, one of the bombers when he was running away Thursday, ran within half-a-mile of the park. The police have only been saying up to now that they're looking for four bombers, but we've talked and we went out today and talked to people who saw that bomber running away.
He didn't have another bomb with him. He was all alone. And it raises that question, who put that other bomb in the park? Is there a fifth bomber? And there does seem at this stage as if there no other explanation apart from a fifth bomber. And it does seem perhaps, that the police are beginning to look at that and say, OK. Fifth bomb, therefore, there must have been a fifth bomber. They haven't said that officially, but that seems to be where they're going right now, Heidi.
COLLINS: All right. Nic Robertson, thanks.
The bombings have been an effect on all Britons of course, but especially perhaps on England's Muslim population, which numbers some 1.6 million people.
Asked in a new poll whether the July 7 attacks caused them to consider whether or not they want to remain in the U.K., 63 percent of Muslims polled said yes. Thirty-four percent said, no.
A programming note now. Tomorrow night, I want to let you know, Anderson will be reporting live from London with the latest developments on the investigation.
Erica Hill standing by now from HEADLINE NEWS, joining us with some of the other top stories we're following tonight. Hi, Erica.
ERICA HILL, HEADLINE NEWS: Hi, Heidi.
We're getting news now a memorial service will be held tomorrow at the National Boy Scott Jamboree in Virginia, where four Scout leaders were killed yesterday when a tent pole they were installing hit a power line. More than 40,000 Scouts, leaders and volunteers are gathering for the jamboree. It officially begins tomorrow. President Bush is also scheduled to address the Scouts.
Meantime, at the White House a decision to release some, but not all, documents prepared and used by Supreme Court Nominee John Roberts during the 1980s and '90s when he worked at the White House. Twelve- thousand pages were released. None of them though, are from when he was deputy solicitor general. Senate Democrats want those to see Roberts' legal briefing arguing against Roe versus Wade.
At Florida's Kennedy Space Center, lift-off of the Space Shuttle Discovery on a 12-day mission to the International Space Station. NASA says a one-and-a-half inch tile fell off the shuttle during launch. It says it is will inspect that area. Nearly two-and-a-half years ago, of course, debris damaged the Shuttle Columbia and led to its destruction during re-entry over Texas.
And on a recent trip to Kenya, former President Bill Clinton was nearly made an offer he could refuse and probably would have. A Kenyan government official wanted to approach Mr. Clinton to ask for his daughter Chelsea's hand in marriage in the traditional African way, by offering a dowry for her. In this case, 40 goats and 20 cows. And the man says he's been in love with her for seven years, Heidi.
COLLINS: My goodness. Did she know?
HILL: But never met her. COLLINS: So she probably didn't know. All right. Erica, thanks. We'll see you again in about 30 minutes.
360 next, is there any relief from the heat? We'll look at how some folks are trying to stay cool in the scorching temperatures.
Also tonight a big development in the case of Elizabeth Smart. Will her alleged kidnapper not face a trial?
Plus, is the food on your plate adding years to your life or taking them away? We'll unlock the secrets to staying younger, longer and we'll take your e-mails. Go to CNN.com/360 and tell us your secrets to staying young.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
COLLINS: On now to something we don't have to conduct a poll to know -- a great many Americans are currently feeling that it's hot.
CNN's Kimberly Osias reports from Washington.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
MICHAEL STROMAN, BICYCLE COURIER: Some people think, you know, I'm out of my mind or I'm Superman or I'm crazy. But I've got to -- it's my job, you know.
KIMBERLY OSIAS, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Michael Stroman's job is to ferry papers, letters and small packages all over Washington. He logs upwards of 150 miles a day, at a pretty good clip. Tough for us to keep up in our air-conditioned car, much less navigating the treacherous D.C. streets.
STROMAN: It's dangerous, isn't it? Almost got run over by a cab driver.
OSIAS: But today, Michael is fighting more obstacles than those behind the wheel.
STROMAN: Even heat gets to me sometimes. Sometimes, I'll go under a tree and rest for about five, 10 minutes. The heat is definitely a challenge.
OSIAS: With temperatures hitting 102 in D.C., the challenge wasn't limited to people.
(on camera): How's he been doing with the heat?
JACQUELINE ANDERSON-PARKER, U.S. PARK POLICE: Well, not real happy with it.
OSIAS (voice-over): Jackie Anderson-Parker has been patrolling the National Mall on horseback for the past two decades. Today, she's concerned about her partner, Pumpkin.
ANDERSON-PARKER: You just have to kind of evaluate your animal, evaluate yourself, and just be safe. Come on.
OSIAS: Today, being safe for the pair means limiting outdoor exposure and taking a couple of showers. Pumpkin's had two so far today.
(on camera): That's got to feel good.
ANDERSON-PARKER: Oh, absolutely.
OSIAS (voice-over): Some weren't so lucky. In Phoenix, 24 heat- related deaths. In Las Vegas, two. In Missouri, three deaths may be heat-related. In the Carolina Southlands, heat advisories. And to the north, New Jersey, Delaware, Philadelphia all remain under excessive heat warnings.
STROMAN: Sure is hot out here.
OSIAS: Michael Stroman watched a woman pass out from the heat, but he'll keep on pedaling.
STROMAN: I know that I got to do what I got to do.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
OSIAS: Well, clearly, his is a job not everyone can do. And I can tell you from being out in the elements the past two days, it is hard enough just to be outside. You get short of breath, get very tired very easily, and you can't imagine exercising in it. But there is some relief for the Northeast coming on Thursday, and for the Southeast on Friday -- Heidi.
COLLINS: Kimberly Osias, all right. Thanks, from Washington today.
360 MD Sanjay Gupta will be here to look at summer myths. See how you do on our questions.
Sleeping with the air conditioning on causes head and muscle aches, true or false? In the summertime, you should drink eight glass of water every day, true or false? Wearing a hat prevents dehydration? Again, true or false?
Stay tuned to find out whether your answers are right.
Also ahead, his daughter was kidnapped for nearly a year. But will her alleged kidnapper stand trial? We'll tell you about a big development.
Also tonight, out of the blue. How one popular West Coast city fell into political turmoil -- resignations, convictions in just a matter of hours.
Plus, take a look at this video. Chaos in the streets, people getting beaten, cars flipped and burned. We'll tell you where it's happening.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
COLLINS: If you think your city has troubles, try living in San Diego. OK, so you probably wouldn't mind living there with all of its beaches and palm trees. But don't try to get anything done at City Hall.
San Diego's elected mayor is gone. He resigned. His replacement, convicted of fraud. And it all came to light in the span of just 72 hours.
Today, San Diego voters head to the polls to choose a new mayor. But as CNN's Thelma Gutierrez reports, the city's troubles won't end there.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
THELMA GUTIERREZ, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): If you're one of those who believe that bad things come in threes, then it's finally time for something good to happen here in San Diego.
BOB KITTLE, SAN DIEGO UNION-TRIBUNE: The city of San Diego is indeed in a lot of trouble. This is one of the very worst crises it has faced in its 155-year history.
GUTIERREZ: Let's start with this guy, former Mayor Dick Murphy. In April, "Time" magazine observed his leading and dubious role in a scandal. The city employee pension fund was vastly underfunded. Now the FBI and others are investigating what happened. The shortfall amounts to a staggering $1.7 billion. And though he denies wrongdoing, Mayor Murphy resigned.
Murphy was quickly replaced by City Councilman Michael Zucchet. And that brings us to the second bad thing. The strip club. San Diego law prohibits strippers from actually touching patrons. And this man, the owner of Cheetah's, apparently concluded that's bad for business. So he used cash to grease the wheels of justice and try to get the law changed. Of course, he didn't know the FBI had been wiretapping his calls. So he eventually was caught and pleaded guilty to paying illegal bribes. Who took the money? A federal jury found two city councilmen guilty of --
KITTLE: -- essentially taking bribes, laundered campaign contributions, direct cash payments and reported campaign contributions.
GUTIERREZ: And that brings us to bad thing number three. One of those convicted was Mayor-to-be Michael Zucchet.
MICHAEL ZUCCHET, FORMER SAN DIEGO COUNCILMAN: I still can't believe my days of serving this city are over for now.
GUTIERREZ: So two days after he became interim mayor and before he even held his first city council meeting, Zucchet is found guilty of nine counts of corruption, conspiracy and extortion. And he too left in disgrace. But, he says he's innocent, and was railroaded. But there's more. RALPH INZUNZA, FORMER SAN DIEGO COUNCILMAN I believe I have done nothing wrong.
GUTIERREZ: This man, another city councilman was also convicted in the strip club scandal. He says he's innocent. But now he's gone. So that leaves those two city council seats empty.
DONNA FRYE, SAN DIEGO COUNCILWOMAN: Did I feel sorry for my colleagues? No. I think that they violated the public trust. And I think it was irresponsible.
GUTIERREZ: That's Donna Frye, Another member of the San Diego City Council. And now she wants to be mayor. If elected today, she would become the fourth San Diego mayor this year.
FRYE: I'm going to inherit a lot of distrust. I'm going to inherit three or four years of unaudited financial reports. I'm going to be inheriting a very divisive city.
GUTIERREZ: Frye, a surfer and environmentalist, was the only person who voted against tampering with the city's pension fund.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: San Diego is a joke. And it's going to be a joke until we get some strong ethical leadership at City Hall.
GUTIERREZ: So if you're one of those who believes bad things come in threes, then the joke is over. And San Diego can hope that despite the Cheetah scam and the pension problems, it is, at least, time for San Diego to enjoy its time in the sun.
Thelma Gutierrez, CNN, San Diego.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
COLLINS: Do anything to look young? Forget plastic surgery. Tonight, revealing secrets to successful aging.
And eat less, live longer, restricting calories to extend life. Could it work for you? 360 continues.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
COLLINS: Welcome back to 360. Let's check some of the top stories in the "Reset" now.
In Aruba, investigators searching for Natalee Holloway are planning to drain a pond near a beach at which two brothers told police they dropped the Alabama teenager off with the son of a local judge. A CNN photographer was asked to leave the area late this afternoon because authorities were about to survey the area.
And in London, authorities are now saying there is no direct link between the bombers who killed 52 people on July 7 and those who clearly meant to do as much two weeks later. Police also say the second set of bombs which failed to go off were potentially every bit as powerful as the first. Many cops have stun guns, but should you? One of the leading stun gun makers says yes. Today Taser International launched a new marketing campaign in Miami, Florida, aimed at selling their stun guns to the general public. Taser says its products are sage and not lethal. But several incidents involving police raised some serious questions.
CNN's Rick Sanchez takes a look. And we warn you, some of what you're about to see is graphic and could be disturbing.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
RICK SANCHEZ, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice over): The man you're watching on this videotape is being Tasered while being held down by sheriff's deputies. The suspect has been handcuffed and shackled. The Taser itself is being pressed against his body. And the total time which he his being Tased exceeds 30 seconds. What you should also know is that two days later, Frederick Williams died.
The pain is excruciating and designed to make the person receiving the shock comply within seconds. Williams, however, according to the lawyer representing his family, was simply not able to comply.
MELVIN JOHNSON, WILLIAMS FAMILY ATTORNEY: If a guy is already restrained, he's already handcuffed, he's already shackled, he's sitting in a chair, you've got six, eight officers on him, in a headlock spreading him out, and then Taser is being inflicted -- pain is being inflicted upon him via the Taser, what else is going to do except move this part of this body?
SANCHEZ: Following the incident, Gwinnett County has changed its policy. Deputies are now forbidden from using a Taser on a person who is partially controlled in a restraint chair or otherwise immobilized. Yet despite the revision, Sheriff Butch Conway insists the Taser incident did not cause Frederick Williams' death, and medical examiners call the case inconclusive.
SHERRIFF BUTCH CONWAY, GWINNETT COUNTY: I still believe the Taser is a good tool, and I don't think the Taser had anything to do with Mr. Williams' death.
SANCHEZ: Williams' widow says she is planning to sue Gwinnett County.
(on camera): Now according to this national study that was conducted by the "Arizona Republi"c, 90 people have lost their lives since 1999 after being stunned, aside from Williams. They actually have the names of all the people who have had that happen to them. We have learned that the International Association of Police Chiefs is going to be putting out a guideline by the end of the year to tell officers how stun guns and Tasers are supposed to be used. One of the problems right now, is there may be as many different policies as there are police departments.
(voice over): And while police struggle to try and come up with a standard on its use, Taser International is launching an ad campaign to make the product more available to the general public. The blitz is kicking off in Florida with print ads like this one. And this pitch, we found on Taser International's own Website.
ANNOUNCER, TASER INTERNATIONAL WEBSITE: Taser X- 26C brings the power of police proven EMD technology to protect you and your family.
TOM SMITH, PRES., TASER INTERNATIONAL: And this is just providing another tool, you know, to be able to defend themselves and make themselves more confident.
SANCHEZ: As the president of Taser International, Tom Smith has much to gain from seeing Tasers go mainstream.
However, if police have not yet standardized their use, how will the public know how to use them? Here is how the police chief of Miami, the city where Taser International is launching its campaign, responds.
JOHN TIMONEY, MIAMI CHIEF OF POLICE: There's no form of registration. There's no form of training, mandatory training. There is no requirement on the part of the seller to do a background check. And so, you could have people with criminal backgrounds, people who are emotionally disturbed going out and purchasing Tasers.
SANCHEZ: And what about children? Or even perfectly healthy adults, who simply haven't been told or trained on how to use Tasers?
Those are questions being considered by both backers and critics of stun guns, as they argue whether it's a helpful tool or a dangerous weapon.
This, while national civil rights activists ask what really happened to Frederick Williams, and who is at fault?
(END VIDEOTAPE)
SANCHEZ: Those of you who watch us probably know that I have a little bit of firsthand experience with this. Go ahead, Kelly, let's take one more opportunity to show them what I'm talking about.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
SANCHEZ: Oh!
(END VIDEO CLIP)
SANCHEZ: Yeah, I was Tasered once, to be able to show exactly how police go through this particular training. And just after going through this experience, I can tell you this -- firsthand, after you're Tasered for a second or a second and a half, there is nothing you will probably not comply with. Usually, it doesn't take more than that, Heidi.
So the idea is, are Tasers effective when it comes to compliance? No question that they are. Now, how many times do you need to do it to someone, for how long a period do you need to do it to someone? That's the question that still seems in need to be answered.
COLLINS: As fun as that was to watch again, Rick, important to point out that if somebody is on drugs or under the influence of, you know, alcohol, something that police are not aware of, it may take several stuns.
SANCHEZ: That's a good point. And sometimes there are, as you would say, contributing factors, and that's what police officials right now all over the country are trying to work through. You may not even want to use a Taser in that case, because it simply won't work.
COLLINS: All right, Rick Sanchez, thanks.
For most of the rest of the hour now, we're going to give you an in-depth look at how to look younger and live longer. Sounds good, right?
We begin with the question people would probably have called you crazy for asking, do you really, really have to grow old? 360 MD Sanjay Gupta has met a man who believes the answer to that question is no, you don't.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
SANJAY GUPTA, CNN SR. MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Fifty- seven-year-old Ray Kurzweil's daily routine -- 250 supplements, 10 cups of green tea, four miles of brisk walking. All part of his quest for immortality.
RAY KURZWEIL, AUTHOR: The diseases that kill 95 percent of us are not things that just hit us one day walking down the street. You can find out where you are in that process and stop that process, reverse it fairly readily with the right lifestyle, the right supplements.
GUPTA: That right lifestyle is outlined in "Fantastic Voyage: Live Long Enough to Live Forever."
Ray is not a doctor, but an award-winning scientist. He and co- author, Dr. Terry Grossman, recommend intravenous supplements for better digestion, acupuncture and regular biological testing to determine body age, all geared towards taking advantage of biotechnological advances they say are just over the horizon.
KURZWEIL: I expect and hope to be in good shape when we have these powerful new techniques from biotechnology 10 or 15 years from now, for example, have devices called the nanobots that can actually perform functions inside our blood stream -- augment our immune system, destroy pathogens and cancer cells, enhance our red blood cells, for example, so that we can breathe better.
GUPTA: Sounds like science fiction? While oddly reminiscent of the 1966 film "Fantastic Voyage," in which scientists travel in vehicles through the blood system, in fact, humans have made giant leaps in life expectancy.
Consider this. In 1900, the average American lifespan was 47 years. By 1960, it had risen to the early 60s. Now, life expectancy is 77.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: For headache, earache, toothache...
DR. THOMAS PERLS, RESEARCHER: We're always going to hear some special potion or nostrum for immortality. And that's not new.
GUPTA: Dr. Thomas Perls, a leading research on centenarians, says that living healthier longer is a good message, but relying on Ray's plan to do it is another.
PERLS: Much of the book is based upon Ray and Terry's own anecdotal personal experience of what works for them. What the book is asking people to do is everybody to be a guinea pig. And I think that's very dangerous.
GUPTA: Anti-aging is a multimillion dollar agency, and as baby boomers grow older, they want greater control over their own longevity.
KURZWEIL: I would like to keep on living indefinitely. I would like that decision to be in my own hands, and not in the figurative hands of fate.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
GUPTA: Really interesting stuff. I find this some of the most interesting stuff in medicine and health, Heidi.
Not everyone is going to agree with Ray, as we pointed out there. But it seems that as we've gone around the country talking to scientists, a lot believe that we may achieve a sense of practical immortality in our lifetimes. Perhaps we replace organ parts that have gone bad and we start living longer and longer.
Hard to say, Heidi, but a really fascinating area, for sure.
COLLINS: That is definitely for sure. What is it, though, Sanjay, that actually determines how long we live?
GUPTA: Interesting as well. Evolutionary speaking, we typically live six times the amount of time from birth to our biological reproductive age. So in human beings, for example, that's about 20 years times six, maximum life span about 120 years old. We checked on that -- in fact, the longest living human, about 122 years old.
Now, also, people say, is it all in your genes or is it in your environment? A lot of studies done on this, on twins as well. They find that about 30 percent of is, about a third of it is due to your genes. The rest of it, though, simply up to you. One of the big factors -- we know to eat right, we know not to smoke. I mean, the people have talked about that for years. But stress, this nebulous concept of stress seems to play a larger role than we thought.
COLLINS: Like how, Sanjay? And what about the age, I mean, as far as when you're affected by that stress? How does it get you? GUPTA: Right. What happens is, when you have stress -- and people think of this as the fight-or-flight phenomenon -- you're releasing certain hormones in your body. An important one called cortisol. It can do several different things to your body -- increase your heart rate, as you see there. Subsequently, this cortisol gets into your bloodstream, deregulates your blood sugars, so you may have these vast changes in your blood sugar, high blood pressure, blood clots as well. It may decrease your immune system.
What happens over time, it simply kills off cells. It doesn't allow these cells to reproduce, to divide as they once did. So therefore, you may just shorten your lifespan overall.
Again, this is a bit of a nebulous concept, but stress, something really important to pay attention to.
COLLINS: Any personality traits that help you live longer?
GUPTA: Yeah, you know, interesting, they've done studies on centenarians, people who lived to 100 or more, and tried to figure out what personality traits were the most common. And what they found was that they had strong but flexible characters. They didn't have the explosive heat, for example, of a type A personality. They tended to be more dominant and suspicious in the sense that they didn't take information as was given. More practical and more relaxed as well.
They came up on the basis of this study of centenarians with some tips. Take control over the things that you can, and relax about the things that you can't have any control over. Also, stay socially connected. A really important point here. It tends to be more important for women than for men, but staying socially connected, especially to people who are younger. That tended to be an important tip. And finally, tip number three, design exercise and stress relief around the activities that you enjoy the most.
Some of this, Heidi, may seem like common sense. But these are the people who have lived to 100-plus. They must have been doing something right. At least personality-wise, those are some of the common characteristics.
COLLINS: Yeah, no question about that. 360 MD Sanjay Gupta, thanks.
GUPTA: Thank you.
COLLINS: And we want to hear from you about this now. What are your secrets to staying young? Send an e-mail. Go to CNN.com/360, and click on the "Instant Feedback" link. We're going to go ahead and read some of your tips a little bit later on 360.
Next now, we'll continue our look at how to live longer. Find out how picking the right foods may be the key to a more youthful you.
Plus, our true/false quiz, what you need to do to stay cool in the heat.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
COLLINS: I'm sure you've heard the phrase, you are what you eat -- meaning that if you snack too much, you won't be healthy. The same apparently go force age. A good diet could help you live longer.
As CNN Medical Correspondent Elizabeth Cohen reports, the fountain of youth may lie in the calorie count.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
KENTON MULLINS, CALORIE RESTRICTION SOCIETY: I'd like the papaya salad.
ELIZABETH COHEN, CNN MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Kenton Mullins is 5'8," but weighs only 120 pounds.
MULLINS: Yes. That sounds good.
COHEN: That's because he eats only 1,800 calories a day.
MULLINS: That looks great.
COHEN: Down from 4,000 a day a few years ago. He's hoping it will help him live to 90, 100 or even longer.
MULLINS: It was a very deliberate decision I made to begin calorie restriction. It's backed by very reputable extensive research.
COHEN: Like the research with these monkeys. Skinny monkeys like the one on the right live longer, healthier lives.
DR. SUSAN ROBERTS, TUFTS UNIVERSITY: They've actually aged biologically slower. Their fur's gone gray less quickly.
COHEN: Skinny mice live longer, too. On regular diets, mice in one study lived 36 months. When they ate 25 percent fewer calories, they lived 42 months. On 65 percent calories, they lived 55 months. On theory why is that on fewer calories, cells throughout the body appear to die more slowly and repair themselves more easily.
MULLINS: This whole piece of lettuce may have like four or five calories.
COHEN: Mullins counts his calories religiously. For dinner this night, he had his papaya salad, steamed vegetables and he ate only about a-third of his fish. Low in calories, but high in nutrients.
MULLINS: It's not like I'm living a life of torture.
COHEN: But how many people could have that kind of willpower, could lose and keep off 45 pounds like Mullins did?
RICHARD MILLER, AMERICAN FED. FOR AGING RESEARCH: For every 100 people that are able to lose some weight, 95 or 98 of them just gain the weight back. COHEN: That's why some researches like Richard Miller want to come up with a pill that tricks your body into thinking it's on a very low-calorie diet, even when it's not. Giving all the benefits without any of the sacrifice.
Elizabeth Cohen, CNN, Atlanta.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
COLLINS: Coming up, we'll have more on the quest to look better and live longer, but first, Erica Hill from HEADLINE NEWS, joining us with some of the day's other top stories. Hi, Erica.
HILL: Hi, Heidi.
We begin with a second day of violence near New Delhi, India. Outside a hospital, protesters threw rocks at police who responded with tear gas. Now, the protesters were mostly angry coworkers and family members of those injured this clash on Monday, when police beat hundreds of Honda workers with bamboo sticks. The workers had staged a protest demanding some dismissed workers get their jobs back.
In Sharm el-Sheik, Egypt, officials say five Pakistanis being sought by Egyptian authorities are not connected to Saturday's triple bombings. The attacks killed 84 people.
Meantime, in the West African country of Niger, starvation due to a drought and locust invasion. According to the United Nations World Food Program, some 2.5 million people in Niger are starving and the world is very slowly answering the calls for help. The U.N. says an appeal back in May for $30 million has brought in about $10 million. It is shipping in the food by land and air to the most vulnerable areas.
Back in this country, Salt Lake City, Utah. A judge ruled the man on the left accused of kidnapping Elizabeth Smart is incompetent to stand trial. The decision came after several hearings where Brian David Mitchell shouted in court and sang hymns. Elizabeth Smart was taken from her home in 2002, found nine months later with Mitchell and his wife, who earlier was found incompetent and is being treated at a state hospital.
And Heidi, with that, we'll turn it back over to you.
COLLINS: All right, Erica. We'll see you again in about 30 minutes. 360 next, our staying young special continues. We'll talk with a dermatologist about some new products available to take years off your face.
And as high temperatures scorch most of the U.S. Do you know how to keep cool? 360 M.D. Sanjay Gupta will put your knowledge to the test -- that looks pretty good -- and uncover some of the myths.
Also, we do want to hear from you. What are your secrets to staying young? E-mail us -- CNN.com/360.
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COLLINS: Tonight, we're looking at ways to stay young longer. And we all know nothing shows off your age quite like your face. Nobody likes the sight of wrinkles or crevices, and each year, people spend billions of dollars on ways to get rid of them.
Today, there are newer, more advanced products you can get from your doctor to help your face look young. Joining me now to talk about them is Dr. Lisa Airan, a New York City dermatologist.
Let's get straight to this. I understand, you know, injectables have been around for a while, but there are some new ways fill, sort of, the hollows underneath the eyes.
DR. LISA AIRAN, DERMATOLOGIST: Well, one of the most common complaints that I hear from patients is they come in and they say: I look tired all the time. No matter how much sleep I get, I look tired. And that has to do with the hollows under their eyes. And I've developed this new procedure with Restylane which is a natural sugar gel to add volume in the lower eyelid so that patients look younger.
COLLINS: People feel better if they hear that it's natural?
AIRAN: I think they feel better if they think that it's a natural substance, but it is natural and it's safe and it's effective. And with the new technique, it's great, because prior to this, there was no other options for those hollows. And so, when people looked tired, they didn't -- there was nothing you could do about it.
COLLINS: Right. OK. Well, let's go ahead and take a look at some of these before-and-after photos that we have. The first one of a 50- year-old woman who had the procedure. Explain what you did.
AIRAN: This lady came in saying: I feel like I look really tired. What I did was I added Restylane along her lower eyelid all the way from the lateral to the medial part of her lid. As you can see from the photos, she really looks a lot more well-rested now.
COLLINS: Yes.
AIRAN: In the before photo, you can see the loss of volume and in the after, you can see that, that's been filled in and the skin has been pushed forward so that she looks younger.
COLLINS: The next time you've got to tell them to smile in the after picture.
You say the number-one thing that people complain about when they're talking about their age are those deep lines from the nose to the mouth.
AIRAN: That's the thing that people tend to notice at first in terms of aging. They look in the mirror and they're like, I didn't see that line there a couple of years ago.
COLLINS: I think we have photos, as well, of this, before and after, of a 48-year-old woman. She definitely looks younger when we see that. Oh, yes, look at that. She looks like she's glowing.
AIRAN: Definitely, she also had the procedure around her eyes to help add volume back from around her rim and also from her nose to her mouth. But she had a great result. In fact, she called me a week after I did the procedure to tell me that she was carded getting into a bar, which made her really happy because, obviously, they have a life.
COLLINS: Definitely, for her. Important probably to point out that the results are different for everybody.
AIRAN: Uh-huh. Definitely, they are different for everybody. But I find that all patients are really happy with the results. Everyone feels like they look younger. That they feel like people are telling them they look like they had a great vacation. But the results can vary. It's just, some people will get obviously great improvements and other people will get moderate improvements. But in general, people are really happy. And it has to do with the amount of volume that you add back in as well.
COLLINS: OK. All right. Here's a key question, if you don't want to have the shots or injectables, as we call them, what's the best skin-care product to produce dramatic results?
AIRAN: Well, the key point here is that you should actually rotate your regimen. If you're always using the same product, even if it's a very effective product like anti-oxidant, Aida Banome (ph) which is one of the new really active ingredients. If you're always using that for years on end, your skin is going to get used to that and you're not going to get the same results as if you rotated that with, let's say, a retinol or another type of skin-care product.
So it's definitely important to rotate the regimen. And there are some great creams out there, but they're never going to make as much of a change as if you have an injectable filling stuff in.
COLLINS: All right. That's just the fact of the matter. All right. Dr. Lisa Airan. Appreciate it.
AIRAN: Thank you.
COLLINS: Big bucks are flooding into the anti-aging business. Here's a "Download" now. According to the international research company Fredonia Group, the overall anti-aging market will likely grow 8.7 percent a year, at least until 2009, when its total value could reach $30.7 billion. Last year, the anti-aging business had an estimated value of $20.2 billion. Lots of cash.
Let's find out what's coming up now at the top of the hour on PAULA ZAHN NOW. Hi, Paula.
PAULA ZAHN, CNN HOST: Hi, Heidi. Thanks. At the top of the hour, an alarm bell about something your teenagers may be doing behind closed doors. And all it takes is something you probably have just sitting around your home.
It is a new fad. Your kids probably don't think it's dangerous. But it actually can be deadly. If you've never heard of dusting, please join us at the top of the hour.
Heidi, in addition to telling people what dusting involves, we will be visiting with the father of a young man who just lost his life. Thought he was doing something just for the kicks. Had no idea at all what he was doing could be deadly.
COLLINS: Yes. I saw your interview. Very, very important for parents to watch. Thanks, Paula. 360 next, what you need to know to beat the heat. We've got a true/false quiz for you.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
COLLINS: Across most of the U.S. it has been a sweltering summer. Record high temperatures have claimed more than 40 lives in the last week. But there's so many myths out there about how to beat the heat.
So tonight, 360 M.D., Sanjay Gupta, gives us a true/false quiz to help you cool. Sanjay. All right. First one, you ready?
GUPTA: I hate quizzes, but go ahead. Yes. This
COLLINS: Air conditioning dries out the skin, true or false?
GUPTA: That is true. What happens, actually, is that air conditioning, actually, acts as a dehumidifier. So it actually takes the humidity out of the air. That serves to cool it, but can also dry your skin. Best advice is to wet moisturize. So just as you get out of the shower, go ahead and put some moisturizer on then, that acts as a sealant -- Heidi?
COLLINS: Just like you do. All right. Sleeping with the AC on can cause headaches and muscle aches. How about that, true or false?
GUPTA: Also true. People surprised by this one. But, in fact, air conditioning can cause that. What happens is sometimes you get too cool. What a lot of people don't realize is that your body actually cools down on its own, to some degree, when you go to sleep. You got the air conditioning on, you may start to shiver, your jaw may start to clench, you get muscle aches and you can get headaches as well as a result of that. Best advice, keep some blankets close by in case your body temperature falls a little bit more than you anticipated -- Heidi.
COLLINS: All right. Walking into conditioning, air conditioning, from the heat, can give you a head cold, true or false?
GUPTA: That is false. And that is one of the most common myths out there.
Now a couple things to keep in mind, there's some significant temperature gradients going on here when you're going from the extreme heat to the air conditioning inside. You can't get a cold. Colds come from viruses. But you can maybe have a slight hit to your immune system. So, for example, if you go into an air- conditioned room with a lot of sick people, you might be more likely to catch one of their virus. But colds come from viruses -- Heidi. COLLINS: All right. You should drink eight glasses of water a day. Everybody knows this one. True or false?
GUPTA: That is actually false, interestingly enough. Yes, one of the most common adages out there, eight times eight, eight glasses of eight ounces of water each day, or an apple a day. You've heard all these adages, not necessarily true with the water. First of all, keep in mind this, that you get about 20 percent of your fluid requirements from your food. And also so you can get a lot of your food requirements from your food, you can also drink caffeinated beverages. A lot of people think that caffeine's a no-no, in fact they can make up for your fluid intake.
COLLINS: All right. Last one. Quickly, Sanjay. Wearing a hat prevents dehydration, true or false?
GUPTA: That is actually true. Again, hats are a good idea, both in the winter and the summer. In the winter, they can lock in your heat. You lose about 40 percent of your body heat through your head. But in the summertime, they can lock in the moisture as well, keeping you hydrated. Keep that scalp cool, you keep the rest of your body cool as well -- Heidi.
COLLINS: The man with all the answers. 360 M.D. Sanjay Gupta. All right. Thanks, Sanjay.
We had asked you to share your secrets for staying younger longer. So we want to get to some of those e-mails now.
Christine from Saugerties, New York, writes this. "What I do to stay young is belly dance. It's a very gentle, but energetic full body dance that is wonderful exercise for any age and body type." Who knew?
And Joshua from Birmingham, Alabama, says that he likes, "things like diet, exercise, stress reduction, and social engagement over time will have the biggest effect on our health. That is the critical message we need to understand."
Joe in Toronto, Ontario. "My great grandparents lived well over 100. Their trick was to drink a lot of water, food as natural as possible and a spoon of liquor their tea everyday."
Juana from Pembroke Pines, Florida. "Besides exercise and eating well, I have been using the therapeutical benefits of the flotation tank. Floating is my answer in dealing with stress."
All right. Some interesting ideas. Send us your thoughts anytime. Go to CNN.com/360 and click on the "Instant Feedback" link. I'm Heidi Collins, everybody.
CNN's primetime coverage continues with Paula Zahn. Anderson Cooper will be back tomorrow, live from London. Hi, Paula.
END
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