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Clinton, Sanders Fight for Oregon and Kentucky; Trump Seeks to Galvanize GOP Support; Pro-Clinton General Election Ads Target Trump; Clinton Looks to Stop Sanders' Winning Streak. Aired 9-9:30a ET

Aired May 17, 2016 - 09:00   ET

THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.

[09:00:01] CAMEROTA: Thank you for that. And it is time now for "NEWSROOM" with Carol Costello.

Good morning, Carol.

CAROL COSTELLO, CNN ANCHOR: Good morning.

CUOMO: Only took Costello half as long to graduate. By the way. She got it done on what? Thirty-three years or more.

COSTELLO: I'm not sure if that's OK, whatever you say.

Thank you, you guys have a great day. NEWSROOM starts right now.

CAMEROTA: You too.

CUOMO: She doesn't mean it.

COSTELLO: And good morning, I'm Carol Costello. Thank you so much for joining me. Bluegrass, red state. Polls open across Kentucky, including this voting site in Louisville. But today's primary in this Republican-leaning state only features Democrats. Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. They're fighting for 55 delegates, and Clinton has invested heavily in winning that state. She needs to stop Sanders' recent surge. And he is expected to do well in today's other primary state. That would be Oregon. The first polls opening there this very minute. Sanders needs a big win to chip away at Clinton's delegate lead.

No such drama for Donald Trump. The last Republican standing, each delegate nudges him closer to the nomination, but he's been knocked off message by an unflattering news article that could wind up in court.

There's a lot to cover this morning. Our correspondents and guests are here to break it all down for you. Let's begin with the Democratic primary in Kentucky, though.

Brynn Gingras is live in Louisville. Good morning.

BRYNN GINGRAS, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Hey, Carol. Good morning. So far polls have been opened for three hours. No problems to speak of just yet. And actually a pretty good turnout at this particular polling location here in Louisville. 300 people have voted so far here. And I want to bring in one of those people. Summer Auerbach, a

business owner here in Louisville and someone who was agonizing for several months about who you were going to cast your ballot for today and you settled on Hillary Clinton. Tell me that process that went through your head.

SUMMER AUERBACH, DEMOCRATIC VOTER: Well, even when I got to the polling place this morning, I knew who I was going to vote for, for all of the other contests on the ballot. But with the presidential, I just didn't know what I was going to do. I almost chose uncommitted, but I decided to go with Hillary but I also like Bernie as well. So I'd be happy with either one of them.

GINGRAS: And what were you weighing throughout this process of five months, trying to figure this out?

AUERBACH: Well, I love all of like the young energy that is behind the Bernie Sanders campaign, and I love that optimism and I'd really like to support that, and I think that I align probably more with him on the environmental issues and a lot of the social justice issues, but I'm also a small business owner, and the $15 minimum wage is really scary to me. And so I'm not sure how that would really affect our economy, and so that was really probably the thing that got me more into the Hillary camp. But I've always liked Hillary, too.

GINGRAS: And Hillary made a strong push here, taking 11 campaign stops in two weeks. Did that influence your decision today?

AUERBACH: Not really. And Bernie has also been here twice, so I think that they've both been present and you know, my Facebook Newsfeed has been full of everything political.

(LAUGHTER)

GINGRAS: All right, Summer. Thanks so much for joining us this morning.

And Carol, the polls are going to stay open until 6:00 tonight so we'll see how both candidates do. Back to you.

COSTELLO: All right, we'll check back, Brynn. Thanks so much.

Donald Trump is revealing another shift in strategy, as his campaign focuses more intently on November. Trump has hired a top pollster as a campaign strategist, a move that he has scoffed at for months. It's the latest sign that Trump is trying to widen his appeal and tamp down the lingering doubts and potential uprising within his own party.

CNN's Phil Mattingly is here with more. Hi, Phil.

PHIL MATTINGLY, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Hi, Carol. Well, there's no doubt that the Donald Trump campaign recognizes that they've entered a new stage. His aides called it an evolution, the campaign is expanding in new parts of the team, new fundraising apparatus. A lot of different issues that the campaign is confronting. Sure, they don't have to worry about counting votes on primary night

any more, but this a primary Tuesday, and there are still plenty of work going on behind the scenes, setting up Donald Trump for a general election fight, one that he hopes will have the entire Republican Party behind him.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

MATTINGLY (voice-over): Donald Trump changing his tone from bombastic.

DONALD TRUMP (R), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: I went to the Wharton School of Finance. I was a great student. I built a fortune.

MATTINGLY: To everyday American.

TRUMP: And I view myself as a person and that like everybody else is fighting for survival. That's all I view myself as, and I really view myself now as somewhat of a messenger.

MATTINGLY: As the anti-Trump movement is struggling to find a figurehead, unable to entice a candidate to join the fray with a third-party run.

GOV. JOHN KASICH (R), OHIO: A third-party candidacy would be viewed as kind of a silly thing, and I don't think it's appropriate.

MATTINGLY: John Kasich, the Ohio governor and former presidential candidate, telling CNN he won't take the plunge.

KASICH: I gave it my best where I am, and I just think running third party doesn't feel right. I think it's -- it's not constructive.

MATTINGLY: Billionaire Mark Cuban also contacted about a possible run, also in the "no" column.

MARK CUBAN, OWNER, DALLAS MAVERICKS: It's impossible for it to work. There's not enough time to get on ballots. The hurdles are just too great. It was a ridiculous effort, so I passed.

MATTINGLY: For conservatives like Erick Erickson and Bill Kristol, a very real effort with a very small window to get it off the ground.

[09:05:05] They need a candidate, donor commitments and a legal pathway. One that includes tens of thousands of signatures just to qualify for ballot access. All as deadlines loom, or, in the case of Texas, have already passed. Meanwhile, Trump is battling with the "New York Times" via Twitter over their front-page article about his inappropriate behavior with women. Trump's attorney leaving the door open to filing suit.

JILL MARTIN, TRUMP ORGANIZATION ATTORNEY: I think that is a distinct possibility.

MATTINGLY: The "Times" standing by their story. MICHAEL BARBARO, REPORTER, "NEW YORK TIMES": Our goal was to pull

back and say, how does he interact in the office with someone who he's dating or trying to date? And that was the purpose of our story.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

MATTINGLY: And Carol, at least one of the women featured in that story, backing the framing of the "New York Times'" perspective on that story. Barbara Res, former chief construction officer for Trump Construction projects, telling CNN this.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

DON LEMON, CNN ANCHOR: Would you say he is obsessed with looks?

BARBARA RES, FORMER ENGINEER ON TRUMP CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: Yes, to a degree, absolutely.

LEMON: Explain that to me. How so?

RES: Well, I mean, he would criticize. For as long as I've known him, he always had comments on people's appearances and, you know, primarily in weight. Male and female. I think people liked to go into an office and see nicely dressed, nicely groomed people, whether they have to be models is something else. I mean, he used to literally have models.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

MATTINGLY: And Carol, this is simply an issue that's just not going to go away. And what's been most interesting is watching Donald Trump react to it. A lot of candidates would run away from a story like this, do their best to get it off the front pages. Donald Trump attacking this story relentlessly yesterday and in turn turning it into the most read "New York Times" story over the course of the last year -- Carol.

COSTELLO: Wow. Phil Mattingly reporting live for us. Thanks so much.

With me now to talk about all this, CNN commentator and NY1 anchor, Errol Louis, Trump supporter and CNN commentator Kayleigh McEnany, I'm also joined by Patricia Murphy, she's a columnist for "The Daily Beast."

Welcome to all of you.

ERROL LOUIS, CNN POLITICAL COMMENTATOR: Good morning.

KAYLEIGH MCENANY, TRUMP SUPPORTER: Thanks, Carol.

COSTELLO: OK. Before we dive into the woman thing let's talk about John Kasich for just a bit, Errol, because John Kasich told Anderson Cooper he is not prepared to endorse Mr. Trump, and here is why.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP) ANDERSON COOPER, CNN HOST, AC 360: So just for the record, you're undecided about whether or not you would endorse Donald Trump.

KASICH: Yes, I am, right. Right. I'm undecided.

COOPER: Are you undecided about whether you'd actually vote for him?

KASICH: You know, at the end of the day endorsing is going to mean a lot and, frankly, my wife and my daughters have watched this. And if I were to turn around today and endorse him they'd be like, why, dad, and that matters to me.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

COSTELLO: OK, so, Errol, I said, I wasn't going to go jump into the woman thing, but John Kasich did it for me. So should Mr. Trump worry?

LOUIS: I think what John Kasich did is what so many of the Republican leadership could or may be should have done for months now, which is simply to say, you know, not sort of a heavy handed approach, but just to say, I'm not going to be with you if you act in a way that I think is unworthy of a Republican nominee, a president of the United States or a political leader in general. And John Kasich has a soft touch when he makes that clear.

That's the kind of thing I think Trump should worry about because John Kasich, he's a special case. We're all going to be paying attention to him. But there are lots of other leaders who have big political organizations in key states. And if they just sort of pull back, you know, they don't have to go out and pay for an ad or denounce him on television or blow up his phone with complaints or anything like that, all they have to do is maybe put out 75 percent effort instead of 95 effort, and then he does have a problem.

COSTELLO: Interesting. So, of course, the Democrats, Hillary Clinton's super PAC, is already capitalizing on what Donald Trump has said about women in the past. In fact, they just dropped this $6 million ad campaign, and Patricia, I'd like you to watch this one.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

TRUMP: You know, you can see there was blood coming out of her eyes. Blood coming out of here wherever. Does she have a good body? No. Does she have a fat ass? Absolutely.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Do you like that are 5' 1" that come up to you to wear?

TRUMP: If Ivanka weren't my daughter, perhaps I'd be dating her. I view a person who is flat-chested is very hard to be a 10. And you can tell them to go (EXPLETIVE DELETED) themselves.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

COSTELLO: OK, so, Patricia, Donald Trump has already tweeted back against that ad. He tweeted out, quote, "The pathetic new hit ad against me misrepresents the final line, quote, 'you can tell them to go blank themselves was about China and not women." But I guess everything else was true, Patricia?

PATRICIA MURPHY, COLUMNIST, THE DAILY BEAST: Well, yes, and I think this is the problem that Donald Trump is going to run into again and again and again. He will continue to be held accountable for the things that he says and does. And if that's something he can't handle, that's going to be a real problem for him. And this is exactly like an ad that a Republican super PAC ran against Donald Trump in the Republican primary.

It obviously didn't work, though, and I think that's because this is a notion that is re-enforcing a concept about Donald Trump, among many women who already believe this.

[09:10:03] That he is sexist, that he does judge women by their looks. But, look, this man has run a beauty pageant. I don't think that's a surprise to anybody. I think a more serious problem for him, especially among independent women is his perception that he is unstable. That he would be a dangerous leader, that he doesn't have the temperament to be commander-in-chief. That's where I think that Democrats will be very wise to go.

Saying Donald Trump is a sexist and that he says bad things about women is no news to anybody. But saying he is not fit to be commander in chief, you can't trust him with your children's future, I think that's where the fertile ground will be for Democratic if they go there.

COSTELLO: And Kayleigh, Ron Brownstein brought that up to me yesterday. He said really a lot of women who object to Donald Trump because of that tough guy image that he has, that maybe his tactic acknowledgement that violence at his protests are OK if they're deserved, and women really aren't into that.

MCENANY: Well, here is the thing. He dismissed violence many times thereafter when he saw violence at his protests. He went on Don Lemon's show and dismissed violence I believe 10 or 11 times just in that interview. So I think --

COSTELLO: But the perception is there.

MCENANY: The perception is there but I think it's a flawed perception. I mean, you're right in that there is no secret that Donald Trump's Achilles' heel is women. That this is what could end his election. Really this is his where -- Hillary Clinton's Achilles' heel is honesty. Donald Trump's is women. He does need to remedy this. I think he would advantage himself by coming out and distancing himself from some of the statements he made in the 1990s and saying that person --

COSTELLO: Should he apologize for some of them?

MCENANY: The ones in the 1990s in the Howard Stern show, yes. I think that he would really benefit from saying this is not me. I am a different man today than I was then. This is why Republican women trusted me and voted for me in 18 states. This is why, you know, I've raised a daughter to lead my company. I have many women that I'm empowered in my organization. But I think yes, he would benefit from distancing himself.

COSTELLO: But he doesn't apologize about anything.

MCENANY: He doesn't, but I think he should on this.

COSTELLO: He's never asked from forgiveness from God.

MCENANY: He did once he said when I think cursing to his mother he said.

(LAUGHTER)

COSTELLO: OK. I want to read another tweet along those lines because he's fighting back by counter punching, which is what he claims that he is, right, Errol. So he is talking about Hillary Clinton, and if you could put that other tweet up. He says this morning, "Amazing that crooked Hillary can do a hit ad on me concerning women when her husband is the worst abuser of women in U.S. political history." He also calls Hillary Clinton an enabler. Is that line of attack effective, Errol?

LOUIS: For certain kinds of voters, and I put myself in this category, I dismiss it entirely because he is talking about tactics. She hit me, I'll hit her. If she says this, I'll say that. It is only slightly above the level of schoolyard taunting, as far as I'm concerned. And that's not how we can pick a president of the United States.

I want to hear about nuclear policy, I want to hear about tax policy, I want to hear about the wage gap. I want him to talk about Supreme Court appointments, that sort of thing. The back and the forth about what he plans to do by way of insulting somebody about something that happened 20 years ago is of no concern. And I think much of the news media should probably just move beyond that. Because it doesn't have any relevance.

COSTELLO: Oh, no, it won't.

LOUIS: Well, but, you know -- but we should -- you know, I think we should try and make a stand here and sort of say that the fact that he wants to -- and look, if nothing else, you could certainly by way of analysis say he wants to talk about 20 years ago, because you can't talk to him about what he plans to do, because in a lot of cases, there is no plan, or it's not a plan that he is conversant with or a plan that he's prepared to defend. And that's important. Not just for Hillary Clinton, that's, you know, how she gets into that is her problem, but for the media, we really need to let voters know. This is somebody obsessed with talking about anything, except the issues of the day.

COSTELLO: Patricia, do you agree? MURPHY: You know, I want to agree -- I want to agree with Errol. I

do think it would be wonderful if we could stick to the issues. But I think that Donald Trump's demeanor, the way he delivers the attack is just as important as what he is saying. And when he is out tweeting about Elizabeth Warren, calling her Pocahontas in an interview, I think that this again say to women, not only is he not respecting women but is this a normal person, is this a stable human being? What kind of man is up tweeting at 2:00 in the morning about other people's lives?

It's just not normal behavior. I think that really undercuts the message that he is trying to send that he is a strong leader, that he -- you know, put America first. I think Women in particular have concerns not just with what he says about Hillary Clinton, but the way the personal destructive nature of these attacks. I think that's going to be a real problem for him.

COSTELLO: And, Kayleigh, sadly, I know women whose husbands have cheated on them, and that enabler tag, it upsets them, because you're blaming them for their husband's cheating.

MCENANY: Sure.

COSTELLO: And that's just kind of weird.

MCENANY: And we can all empathize with Hillary Clinton on that level, as anyone who's ever been hurt by a male. We can all empathize with her on that. But you know, I think what he is getting at and it is very important point is that she took those instances, and after she knew about the cheating, she went and actively, according to Linda Tripp, demonized some of these survivors of alleged sexual assault on the part of her husband. But I think --

(CROSSTALK)

[09:15:08] COSTELLO: That may be true, and I just want to ask you about that, too, because your first instinct as a woman who's been cheated on, and I'm not -- I'm just generalizing here, would be to lash out at the person who's committed adultery with your husband.

MCENANY: Sure. Absolutely. But when he's been cheating on your for two decades, I think at a certain point you are held responsible for not demonizing women who might have viable sexual assault claims. But I think Donald Trump would be very wise to get some of the women to come out and say this than they have. Juanita Broderick said it publicly, Kathleen Will, if he could get them in an ad, that would nullify the entire woman ad that we just saw from Hillary Clinton super PAC. If he could get the victims of sexual assaults to speak out on his behalf and against Hillary Clinton.

COSTELLO: Interesting. Errol, would that work?

LOUIS: It would be an interesting approach. I mean, and then we'd end up re-litigating all of the things. Because you say Juanita Broderick, I was around. I remember it. There are a lot of people who don't know who she is and now you have to go back into the archives and here again distraction from where we are now.

The economy in the 1990s was in a very different place. There are a lot of people who are hurting right now and are looking for answers right now. If this is where the campaign ends up, you know, so be it. If that's what people want to hear about it, that's where the candidates want to take it, I think the news media should be I think constantly try to steer people back to the issues of the day.

COSTELLO: All right. I'll leave it there. Kayleigh McEnany, Errol Louis, Patricia Murphy, thanks so much.

Should Donald Trump apologize for calling women dogs and pigs, and rating their bodies on their bust size? Would it really matter? I write about that in an op-ed on CNN.com this morning. Here's an excerpt.

Trump calls the times, the "New York Times" article a hit piece, some of his supporters do, too, although others also say Mr. Trump deserves forgiveness for disparaging comments about women because times have changed. Psychologist Dr. Gayle Saltz told me, "We haven't decided how moral we want our leader to be. Should our leaders' morality be based on whether he or she believes in God, gay marriage, abortion, the death penalty, war?"

I could go on but you get the drift. Check out the rest on CNN.com/opinion. You can also find that op-ed on my Facebook page or on Twitter atCarolCNN. And as always I welcome and thank you for your comments.

Still to come in the NEWSROOM, the Democratic race shits to Kentucky as Hillary Clinton tries to stop Bernie Sanders' momentum. Can Clinton shrug off her coal controversy and recapture working class voters?

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

[09:21:37] COSTELLO: Hillary Clinton is hoping to stop Bernie Sanders' winning streak today. These are live pictures out of Louisville where voting is underway in the latest Democratic primary. That's where Clinton, who is increasingly looking past her Democratic rival to November. She trotted out a new line of attack against -- she trotted out a new line of attack against Donald Trump, impersonating his trademark style.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

HILLARY CLINTON (D), PRESIDENTIAL CANDIDATE: So let's suppose here's the question. So what is your plan to create jobs? His answer is I'm going to create them. They're going to be great. I know how to do it. But I'm not telling you what it is I'm going to do.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

COSTELLO: But what are Kentucky voters' views on jobs and the economy?

Chief business correspondent Christine Romans joins me now with that. Good morning.

CHRISTINE ROMANS, CNN CHIEF BUSINESS CORRESPONDENT: Good morning, Carol. You know, Hillary Clinton making a real investment in Kentucky just a couple of weeks after narrowly losing Indiana, and the Kentucky electorate look a lot more like Indiana than they do like West Virginia. So let's take a look at what some of the numbers are behind what Kentucky voters are feeling. They have a little bit higher than average jobless rate, 5.6 percent. Lower median income and lower home price than the rest of the country.

But manufacturing jobs have been slowly coming back here. And here's why. You've got a pretty diverse manufacturing base in Kentucky and a lot of auto manufacturing and auto assembly. That has been a bright spot. Think of the Camry, the best-selling car in America is built there. The Ford F150 truck is built there. A lot of different kind of cars are built or assembled there. Also you've got a lot of other exports from Kentucky, a pretty diverse manufacturing base including aircraft engines and parts.

I've talked about autos and bourbon whiskey, of course, 95 percent of the world's bourbon comes from Kentucky. What you have here is a state that's lost about half of its coal jobs over the past decade or so but has seen a resurgence in other parts of manufacturing. So Hillary Clinton will have a chance to test her mettle on working class voters and white working class voters in particular here in Kentucky as she heads to the polls here.

And again she has made that investment in Kentucky more than she has in some other states most recently. Remember Kentucky was favorable ground for Bill Clinton. He won there in 1992 and 1996. And she beat Barack Obama there in 2008. So clearly they're hoping to flip the script on Kentucky -- Carol.

COSTELLO: All right. Christine Romans, thanks so much.

With me now, Douglas Brinkley, presidential historian and author of the "Rightful Heritage: Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Land of America."

Welcome and thanks for stopping by.

DOUGLAS BRINKLEY, CNN PRESIDENTIAL HISTORIAN: Thanks for having me.

COSTELLO: So you heard what Christine said. Bill Clinton won in Kentucky, Hillary Clinton beat Barack Obama in Kentucky yet she is campaigning like mad. Why?

BRINKLEY: She can't afford to lose both tonight. Oregon and Kentucky. She's got a narrative going that she's not able to close and she keeps losing, losing, losing, lose, says everyone, until mid June, she might get the nomination, but something seems wrong. There's an enthusiasm problem. If she can win Kentucky tonight by one vote, it makes her look as if she's got some momentum, that it sort of flattens the narrative of Bernie Sanders.

COSTELLO: You know, and Bernie Sanders has been campaigning in Kentucky, too. He's drawn huge crowds. Hillary Clinton draws crowds of a couple of hundred people. So you're right, there is quite the enthusiasm gap there. Is it because of her speaking style? Does she -- I mean, doesn't she focus on -- what is it?

BRINKLEY: Well, she's got -- you know, I think her big problem in Kentucky was her comment about coal.

[09:25:03] I mean, coal is still pretty popular there. Natural resources, and she's being the -- wants to be the environmentalist there and it didn't quite work. So she's brought Bill Clinton in to be her kind of -- promising he will help revitalize coal country. But it tells you the fact that she had to bring in Bill Clinton in, in Kentucky, the first time she threw the big card down, that's how much she wants to do well there tonight.

The Clinton campaign feels it is not do or die. She's going to get the nomination no matter what, but she needs momentum, and this would give her a big boost to it.

COSTELLO: Well, let's talk about Bill Clinton because she threw out the term economic czar, but then she backed away and -- but just let's envision that for a moment. A former sitting president being part of the sitting president's -- that's just strange.

BRINKLEY: It is going to be strange. And I think we should ban the word czar. I'm not sure Americans really like the idea of czars any more. It's sort of big in the 1980s and '90s. What Bill Clinton has going for him, he had the largest peace time economic expansion in American history. She wants to showcase that. That Bill Clinton left the country, you know, balanced the budget and we had a surplus. That's great.

On the other side, he signed NAFTA into law. It used to look like NAFTA was a big Bill Clinton success, but you see Donald Trump as a protectionist shattering NAFTA right now and saying it's the worst thing for America. So there are two sides to Bill Clinton, NAFTA, but the economic recovery. And so they're going to try to focus that he can bring your jobs back to these towns by attracting some kind of manufacturing like some of the auto industries to a state like Kentucky.

COSTELLO: The other thing she brought up is Obamacare in the state of Kentucky. It's not called something else. It's not called Obamacare in Kentucky, but it's working, but Kentuckians elected a Republican governor, who wants to repeal the whole thing. So it seems like the state of Kentucky is conflicted about Obamacare, even though it is working for that state. So --

BRINKLEY: It is conflicted, but I'll tell you what works in Hillary Clinton's favor, because I was in Lexington recently. It is a wonderful town. Amazing city. But a lot of people are starting to retire to Kentucky. It's milder climates than the north. You -- you know, buy a house for a relatively good price. And a lot of them want quality health care. These are middle class people. So Obamacare has some popularity with a new group of retirees there and also protecting Social Security and Medicaid and Medicare, traditional Democratic issues.

So I think Hillary Clinton has a chance to do well in Louisville and Lexington with some of the older demographic, while Bernie Sanders does well as always on the college campuses.

COSTELLO: Well, the thing she has going for it's a closed primary, right? So only Democrats can vote. So that kind of shut down Bernie Sanders independents, right?

BRINKLEY: Yes. Exactly. That's big. That gives her a possibility here tonight. So I'm very excited to watch it because I think if you put money on it, I call it a draw right now. I cannot really tell who's going to win there but we know Bernie Sanders looks like he's going to win Oregon. You had so many mail-in ballots and young people. It's a perfect demographic state for Bernie Sanders.

COSTELLO: It could be a blowout there. We'll see.

BRINKLEY: Yes. But remember, nationally, Kentucky is Republican so it's a red state come this fall.

COSTELLO: Douglas Brinkley, thanks so much.

Still to come in the NEWSROOM, a series of deadly explosions rocking Iraq's capital. We'll have the lest from Baghdad, next.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)