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Barack Obama Speaks at Climate Summit. Aired 9:30-10a ET

Aired November 08, 2021 - 09:30   ET

THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.

[09:30:00]

BARACK OBAMA, FORMER U.S. PRESIDENT: Because of you, countries around the world are recognizing this is a decisive decade to avoid a climate disaster and are setting some really important goals for 2030. More than 100 countries this past week have committed to reduce methane emissions by 30 percent by 2030. As all of you know, curbing methane emissions is currently the single fastest and most effective way to lime warming.

More than 100 countries have also promise to stop and reverse deforestation by the end of 2030. Businesses from around the world, name brands, some of the biggest businesses on this planet have agreed to help create a market for the technologies we need to transition to clean energy.

Here in Glasgow, nations have also committed to help poorer countries move away from fossil fuels and deal with the effects of climate change. President Biden announced that the U.S. will be quadrupling its annual climate finance pledge over the next few years to $11 billion, including $3 billion dedicated to helping vulnerable countries adapt to the impacts of climate change. And the U.S., along with 20 other countries, agreed to stop publicly financing international fossil fuel development with limited exceptions.

So, these are significant accomplishments. They are hard-won commitments. You should be proud of yourselves and we need to celebrate those commitments, even as we demand that the signatories to these commitments actually follow through. We have to track it. They're not self-executing, they're going to require effort.

But let's assume that we actually deliver it. That's significant.

But, once again, we also have to acknowledge that this progress is partial. Most nations have failed to be as ambitious as they need to be. The escalation, the ratcheting up of ambition that we anticipated in Paris six years ago has not been uniformly realized. I have to confess, it was particularly discouraging to see the leaders of two of the world's largest emitters, China and Russia, decline to even attend the proceedings. And their national plans so far reflect what appears to be a dangerous lack of urgency, a willingness to maintain the status quo on the part of those governments. And that's a shame.

We need advanced economies like the U.S. and Europe leading on this issue. But you know the facts, we also need China and India leading on this issue. We need Russia leading on this issue, just as we need Indonesia and South Africa and Brazil leading on this issue. We can't afford anybody on the sidelines.

I recognize we're living in a moment when international cooperation has waned. A moment of greater geopolitical tension and stress in part because of the pandemic, in part because of the rise of nationalism and tribal impulses around the world. And, yes, in part because of a lack of leadership on America's part for four years on a host of multilateral issues. I understand that it's harder to get international cooperation, there are more global tensions. But there is one thing that should transcend our day-to-day politics and normal geopolitics, and that is climate change.

It's not just that we can't afford to go backward. We can't afford to stay where we are. The world has to step up, and it has to step up now.

So, how's that going to happen? How do we close the gap between what's necessary for our survival and what seems politically possible right now? I confess, I don't have all the answers. As I'm sure is true for all of you out there, those of you who are steeped in this work, who are far more expert than me, there are times where I feel discouraged.

[09:35:08]

There are times where the future seems somewhat bleak. There are times where I am doubtful that humanity can get its act together before it's too late. And images of dystopia start creeping into my dreams.

And yet whenever I feel such despondency, I remind myself that cynicism is the recourse of cowards. We can't afford hopelessness. Instead, we are going to have to muster the will and the passion and the activism of citizens pushing governments, companies and everyone else to meet this challenge.

That's what allowed the U.S. to do its part over the last few years to meet our climate goals, even when we didn't have much leadership on it. It wasn't just elected officials or CEOs doing the right thing. It was ordinary Americans making their voices heard, making it clear we need to solve this problem regardless of the obstacles. People who organized and educated others in their communities, people who put pressure on businesses and governments to do better, people who turned their passion into votes. That's the kind of commitment we're going to need going forward.

Because, let's face it, this is not just about raw numbers. This is not just about science. This is about politics. It's about culture. It's about morality. It's about the human dynamic. How do we work together to get a big thing done. And it's about participation and power.

Thinking back on my own experience as president, I would have had the power to do even more to fight climate change during my time in office if I had a stable congressional majority that was willing and eager to take action. And for the bulk of my presidency, I didn't have that majority. Gaining such majorities require an engaged citizenry willing to do what it takes to reward politicians who take this problem seriously, and send out of office those who don't.

I am convinced that President Biden's Build Back Better bill will be historic and a huge plus for U.S. action on climate change. But, keep in mind, Joe Biden wanted to do even more. He's constrained by the absence of a robust majority that's needed to make that happen. Both of us have been constrained in large part by the fact that one of our two major parties has decided not only to sit on the sidelines but express active hostility toward climate science and make climate change a partisan issue.

Perhaps some of you have a similar dynamic in your own countries, although, generally speaking, the United States seems to have a, John, a more vigorous opposition to climate than in many other places.

But my broader point is, that's got to stop. Saving the planet isn't a partisan issue. I welcome any faction within the Republican Party in the United States that takes climate change seriously. And that may be a rare breed right now, but keep in mind, such Republican elected officials used to be commonplace, used to exist. President George H.W. Bush, a Republican, was one of the first U.S. presidents to officially recognize the threat of climate change, was a signatory to the Rio accord.

If we are going to act on the scale that's required, climate change can't be seen anywhere in the world as just an opportunity to score political points. And for those listening back home in the U.S., let me say this, it doesn't matter if you're a Republican or a Democrat.

[09:40:04]

If your Florida house is flooded by rising seas, or your crops fail in the Dakotas, or your California house is burning down, nature, physics, science do not care about party affiliation. And what is true in the United States is true in every nation. We don't just need the Democrats or the Green Party or progressives to be working together on this existential problem. We need everybody. Even if we disagree on other things.

And what's also true around the world, true in the U.S., true in all the countries represented here, is that the most important energy in this movement is coming from young people.

And the reason is simple. They have more stake in this fight than anybody else. And that's why I want to spend the rest of my time directly talking to young people who may be watching and wondering what they can do to help.

I am the father of two daughters in their early 20s. So I have some sense of all the stuff that gets thrown at young people these days. It's not always easy being young today.

And for most of your lives, if you're in that generation, you've been bombarded with warnings about what the future will look like if you don't address climate change. And, meanwhile, you've grown up watching many of the adults who are in positions to do something about it either act like the problem doesn't exist or refuse to make the hard decisions necessary to address it.

And that's a source of real anxiety and real anger at older people. And some of you, no doubt, wonder if you'll be able to be safe in the community where you've grown up, whether you'll have to raise your own kids in a world ravaged by extreme weather and climate migration and conflict.

As one 16-year-old said, for us, the destruction of the planet is personal. And that's why my message to young people begins with acknowledging, you are right to be frustrated. Folks in my generation have not done enough to deal with a potentially cataclysmic problem that you now stand to inherit.

But I also want to share some advice my mother used to give me. You know, if I was feeling anxious or angry or depressed or scared, she'd look at me and she'd say, don't sulk, get busy. Get to work and change what needs to be changed. And, luckily, that's exactly what young people around the world are doing right now.

Two years ago, a Swedish teenager named Greta Thunberg inspired millions of people to join the largest climate demonstration in decades. A lot of people now know about Greta, but the world is full of Gretas. One of the things I love most about our work at the Obama Foundation is getting to meet young activists from all over the world taking up the baton on climate change.

You just heard from Sheila Babauta from the northern Mariana Islands. As an elected representative, Sheila is fighting to preserve natural resources on the island, and helping young people take the lead in the fight for human rights and climate action.

I've met people like Juan Carlos Monterrey-Gomez from Panama. After representing his country at the Paris negotiations, I think he was like 22, Juan then led an effort to amend the constitution of Panama.

[09:45:04]

Today he's here in Glasgow as a climate negotiator.

We've got Colette Pichon Battle, who is the founder and executive director of the Gulf Coast Center for Law and Policy in Louisiana, back in the states. They're a non-profit helping communities of color across the south that are already feeling the effects of climate change, rebuild after disasters and build more sustainable communities and more sustainable economies.

And then there's Luisa Neubauer, an activist who leads Fridays for Future strikes in Germany. During the global climate strikes in 2019, Luisa helped organize 270,000 marchers in Berlin, put pressure on German political parties to take climate change seriously. Climate change is frightening, she said.

So, the question is, how can we turn this anxiety into something constructive? That's what these young leaders are already doing. I'm really looking forward to sitting down and talking with some of them in a separate forum later today, because they're not just working for their own countries. They are forming a movement across borders to make the older generation that got us into this mess see that we all have an obligation to dig ourselves out. And if those older folks won't listen, they need to get out of the way.

Now, at this point, some of the young people watching or listening, they may be thinking, I don't have time to organize 200,000 people or propose a constitutional amendment. I've got a math exam next week. I get that. I promise you, unlike Greta, I was not on the cover of "Time" magazine when I was 16 years old. And if I was skipping school, it had nothing to do with climate change.

But there are plenty of things that each and every one of you young people can do that won't require devoting your entire life to the cause, but will make a real difference. And the first and most important is, if you are age eligible, to vote the issue. Vote like your life depends on it, because it does.

I recognize that a lot of young people may be cynical about politics, but the cold, hard fact is, we will not have more ambitious climate plans coming out of governments unless governments feel some pressure from voters. In one survey of young people in 22 countries, more people cited climate change as one of the most important issues facing the world than anything else. Young people understand this issue, but they don't always vote at the same levels as older folks.

Many young people are now starting to realize, I've got to make my interests heard if I have the opportunity to vote. So, in the 2020 U.S. presidential election, young people were more likely than older voters to say that climate change was their top concern and they also voted at a rate 11 points higher than in 2016. That's the kind of thing that makes politicians sit up and take notice.

As one 20-year-old organizer said, young people understand that if we want to save our lives and our future, then we have to do it ourselves. And this is part of your power that you have to use. Don't think that you can ignore politics. You don't have to be happy about it, but you can't ignore it. You can't be too pure for it. It's part of the process that is going to deliver all of us.

Now, the second way you can have an impact on climate change is by pressuring companies to do the right thing.

[09:50:00]

Members of your generation have already shown you're willing to pay for products that you believe are responsible and responsive to the climate challenge, and that you're also willing to avoid those companies that are actually making climate change worse. I see this in my own daughters and their friends, their peer group, in terms of which companies they support and which products they buy. And not only are they sophisticated consumers, they're active and engaged citizens. And that's a message that CEOs will learn to understand. Companies are starting to figure out that becoming more energy efficient is good for their bottom line because they'll spend less on energy, but you also have the opportunity to teach them that by getting serious about climate change, they have a chance to win loyal customers and employees. And they conversely will lose customers and top-flight employees if they're not on the right side of the issue. That's part of your power. You need to use it.

While you're at it, you need to help educate your parents and grandparents, your uncles and aunts, your teachers, your employers, because while a dangerously warming planet is a reality that a lot of you have grown up with as young people, you've studied it in school, you've read about it, it's been part of the backdrop of your childhood, members of the older generation don't have that same frame of reference. They do love you, though. They do care about you. They listen to you more than you think. And if you explain how important the issue is to you, you may lead them to rethink their position, or at least be more open minded.

In fact, I'm pretty sure they'll listen to you in a way they might never listen to a politician or some expert on TV or a former president. That's power you have. You have to use it.

And finally, let me say, it will not be enough to simply mobilize the converted. It will not be enough to preach to the choir. It will not be enough to just ramp up intensity among people who already know about climate change and already agree with us and care deeply about it. Protests are necessary to raise awareness. Hashtag campaigns can spread awareness. But to build the broad-based coalitions necessary for bold action, we have to persuade people who either currently don't agree with us or are indifferent to the issue.

And to change the minds of those fellow citizens in our respective countries, we have to do a little more listening. We can't just yell at them or say they're ignorant. We can't just tweet at them. It's not enough to inconvenience them through blocking traffic in a protest. We actually have to listen to their objections and understand the reluctance of some ordinary people to see their countries move too fast on climate change. We have to understand their realities and work with them so that serious action on climate change doesn't adversely impact them.

So, listen, it is true, a lot of climate opposition comes from fossil fuel companies trying to make a buck, despite the green ads that they run on TV. It's true that there are climate deniers out there who, for ideological reasons, you will never convince. But I'm not talking about them. I'm talk about the fact that we've got to persuade the guy who has to drive to his factory job every single day, can't afford a Tesla, and might not be able to pay the rent or feed his family if gas prices go up.

We have to think about the mother in India who, yes, will suffer droughts and floods made worse by climate change, but whose more immediate concern is getting electricity so her children don't have to sit in the dark every night and can't do their homework.

[09:55:16]

That's not a -- you didn't discuss that concern.

There are workers and communities that still depend on coal for power and jobs. And they -- yes, they are concerned about maintaining their wages. That's not unreasonable for them to be concerned about that. And the fact is, the truth is, that transitioning from dirty energy to clean energy does have a cost. And it is not unreasonable for people who often are already economically vulnerable, and maybe don't feel particularly politically powerful, it's not unreasonable for them to think that, for all the highfalutin talk, some of those costs of transition will be born by them, not by the more powerful and the privileged. That's not an unreasonable perspective for them to have.

And that's why when it comes to climate change, a company like the U.S., with a higher per-capita carbon footprint, does have to do more than a country like Mali or Bangladesh. It's also why we need to make sure the people most affected by the transition to clean energy aren't the ones bearing most of the cost. They don't have any margin for error. I can afford to give up a lot of my current lifestyle to benefit the planet because I'll still have a lot left over. A lot of folks don't have that cushion. So that means that any climate plan worth its salt has to take these inequities into account, whether it's through subsidies to poor people to ease the transition to clean energy, whether it's technology transfers that help poor countries meet their development goals by leap-frogging dirty fuels. We have to pay attention to those embedded inequities and the politics that surrounds that. And that's not easy.

So let me close by being blunt. Keeping the rise in global temperatures to 1.5 degrees Celsius will not be easy. It is going to be hard.

Existing political institutions move slowly, even when leaders are well intentioned. International cooperation has always been difficult. It's made more difficult by all the misinformation and propaganda that can flood out through social media these days. Business leaders, let's face it, are typically rewarded for boosting short-term profits, not addressing major social issues. Getting people to work together on a global scale takes time. And right now that's time we don't have.

So if we're honest with ourselves, yes, this is going to be really hard. The thing we have going for us is that humanity has done hard things before. I believe we can do hard things again.

Yes, the process will be messy. I guarantee you every victory will be incomplete. We will face more setbacks. Sometimes we will be forced to settle for imperfect compromises because, even if they don't achieve everything we want, at least they advance the cause, at least they move the ball down the field.

But if we work hard enough for long enough, those partial victories add up. If we push hard enough, stay focused enough, and are smart about it, those victories accelerate, and they build momentum.

[10:00:05]

If we listen to those who are.