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CNN Live Saturday
Foreign Fighters Hide Among Civilians To Enter Iraq; Kerry Finding It Increasingly Hard To Get Exposure For Campaign
Aired June 26, 2004 - 12:00 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
FREDRICKA WHITFIELD, CNN ANCHOR: It's Noon in Washington, 7:00 p.m. in Baghdad, welcome to CNN LIVE SATURDAY, I'm Fredricka Whitfield. Ahead this Hour: New terror attacks in Iraq (AUDIO GAP) hour nears. How the U.S. military is responding. Also:
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
UNIDENTIFIED MALE (through translator): We tried to hide among civilians. We hit and tried to hide.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
WHITFIELD: A CNN exclusive, how some foreign fighters sneak into Iraq in efforts to kill American troops and Iraqi civilians.
Also, a special memorial service for American engineer, Paul Johnson beheaded in Saudi Arabia by terrorists. But first the headlines.
Just days before the handover of Iraq's sovereignty, insurgents are keeping up their attacks on coalition forces. New violence has shattered the peace in the holy city of Najaf. A U.S. Army convoy came under fire after taking a wrong turn in the direction of the city's holy shrines. The convoy retreated and no casualties were reported.
In northern Iraq, one person was killed and nearly two dozen others were wounded in a car bombing. The bomb went off as a convoy carrying a Kurdish government official passed by. The official and his bodyguards were among the wounded.
Pakistan's government is undergoing a change. The country's prime minister resigned today and dissolved his cabinet. The move follows months of speculation that his relationship with President Pervez Musharraf was growing increasingly strained. The leader of the ruling party, the Pakistani Muslim League, is expected to become the new prime minister. His nomination is awaiting approval by the National Assembly.
We begin with the countdown to a day the entire world will be watching. Just four days from now, the U.S.-led coalition transfers sovereignty to Iraq, and as the clock ticks, insurgents are still on the attack. CNN's Baghdad bureau chief, Jane Arraf, is with us now from the Iraqi capital -- Jane.
JANE ARRAF, CNN BAGHDAD BUREAU CHIEF: Fredricka, U.S. officials say the incident in Najaf was a pretty minor one that could have been a lot worse, that was the transportation convoy taking a wrong turn, according to military officials, and driving in the unfortunate direction of the holy shrines. A bit of gunfire exchanged and the convoy retreated, no one hurt.
That wasn't the case in other cities. In Baqubah, northeast of Baghdad, an attack on an office associated with Iraq's interim prime minister, as well as a government building and other targets. And in the Kurdish city of Irbil an attack there, as well, on the culture minister for the governing Kurdish party that controls that region. He was wounded, along with 15 other people and his bodyguard was killed. Now a lot of the major violence, a lot of the biggest suicide bombs are being blamed on Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the Jordanian-born fugitive. The military spokesman here say catching Zarqawi is the coalition the top priority.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
BRIG. GEN. MARK KIMMITT, U.S. MILITARY SPOKESMAN: The Iraqi security forces and the coalition forces are resolved to continue the hunt for Zarqawi and other terrorists that are responsible for the violence that we are seeing in Iraq. Just as when we caught Saddam we saw the violence go down, but not go away, it is also our assessment that even if we were to catch or kill Zarqawi tomorrow, there would still be residual violence and perhaps a significant amount of violence resulting in emanating from other groups in this country who do not want to see the people of this country enjoy freedom, democracy, civil rights, individual liberties.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
ARRAF: Kimmitt went on to say the Zarqawi network, in fact, seems to be growing, that this country essentially has become a magnet for anti-American attacks for insurgents, for all sorts of people who want to wreak havoc. That's what they are aiming at in Zarqawi's network, which appears to be growing and splitting off into other groups. A big challenge for the coalition and for the Iraqi security forces, of course -- Fredricka.
And Jane, I understand many clerics across the country have come out and are asking insurgents to stop what they're doing, in fact, some mosques have even handed out flyers asking for the people, the Iraqi people to support the Iraqi forces. How impactful are these words coming from the mosques?
ARRAF: They're pretty powerful, Fredricka, but we've got to differentiate between a couple of different kinds of attacks. There air lot of Iraqis, we have to be honest, a substantial number of Iraqis who do believe firmly that they're under occupation. And attacks against what they consider the occupying powers still, U.S. forces, other coalition forces, are in a far different category than what we're seeing more of lately, which is the spectacular attacks that are increasingly hitting and seem to be directed at Iraqis, whether they're Iraqi police or Iraqi security forces. What they're doing is basically killing innocent bystanders and that's really what people are really incensed about -- Fredricka. WHITFIELD: Jane Arraf in Baghdad, thanks very much.
Well, the U.S.-led coalition blames the attacks by insurgents on one man, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. The coalition says the Jordanian-born Zarqawi is the head of the terrorist network that's intent on sowing chaos and preventing democracy in Iraq from taking root. Zarqawi is believed to be based in Fallujah, a hotbed of anti-coalition sentiment. And three times in the last week, coalition air strikes have targeted suspected safe houses used by him. In an exclusive report, CNN's Jim Clancy gives us a closer look at the troubling issue of foreign fighters.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
JIM CLANCY, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Posters honoring those who died fighting against the Americans, found not in Baghdad or the Sunni Triangle, but here in a Yarmouk a Palestinian refugee camp in neighboring Syria. Ahmed, who spoke on the condition he remains anonymous, lives here. He says he's been to Iraq several times waging war on U.S. troops.
"AHMED," (through translator): We tried to hide among civilians. We hit and tried to hide.
CLANCY: When U.S. troops first invaded Iraq, Ahmed and others from here took buses to the Syrian-Iraqi border and paid money to be smuggled across.
"AHMED," (through translator): There were American patrols everywhere. Anywhere you want to target them we set up with bombs, like weapons, and rocket-propelled grenades.
CLANCY: Just how many of these so-called foreign fighters are in Iraq is not clear. Coalition military estimates have ranged from the hundreds all the way into the thousands.
DONALD RUMSFELD, SECRETARY OF DEFENSE: Oh, it's tough to know. The borders are porous. We know a lot of them came in from Syria, we know some came in from Iran.
CLANCY: The coalition says there are some 200 of what it calls "third party nationals" that it has in custody. Ahmed says they come from all over the Arab world.
"AHMED" (through translator): There are groups of Syrians and Palestinians, Saudis, Yemenis, they are from all nationalities.
CLANCY: The biggest impact of these foreign fighters seems to be suicide bombings, like this one in the heart of Baghdad.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: All suicide bombers, they are not Iraqis.
CLANCY (on camera): All across the Arab world, Iraq has become a rallying cry against the United States. Moreover, it is a place where arms are easily available; there is an abundance of U.S.-linked targets, and, therefore, the opportunity to having claimed having taken part in a jihad against America.
(voice-over): Much in the way a previous generation went to Afghanistan and fought against the Soviets, many becoming followers of a young man names Osama bin Laden.
JONATHAN STEVENSON, INST. FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES: Those who have gone to Iraq will stand in similar shoes to those who went to Afghanistan.
CLANCY: In Yarmouk, there are already monuments to those who gave their lives in Iraq. Ahmed wants to sneak back across the border from Syria, he says. He also says he still considering becoming a suicide bomber.
Jim Clancy, CNN, Dubai.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
WHITFIELD: CNN is committed to bringing you complete coverage leading up to Iraq's new sovereignty. Tune in tomorrow to a CNN Presents Special Report, "Countdown to Handover," that's Sunday at 8:00 p.m. Eastern, 5:00 pacific.
President Bush says the handover in Iraq will go forward Wednesday, as scheduled, despite increasing attacks by insurgents. At this hour Mr. Bush is en route to Turkey for a NATO summit along with 40 other world leaders. The president left Ireland this morning where his presence sparked protests. He asked European leaders for their help in stabilizing Iraq after the transfer of power, and at t a news conference with Irish Prime Minister Bertie Ahern, the president said divisions about Iraq are a thing of the past.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
GEORGE W. BUSH, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: The bitter differences of the war are over. I think people -- you know, people -- some people didn't agree with the decision that I made and others made as well, but we all agree that a democratic Iraq, a peaceful Iraq, an Iraq which is -- has its territorial integrity intact is in the benefit of the -- is it all our benefit. And so, there is a common interest and a common goal to work together to help the Iraqi people realize the benefits of a free society.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
WHITFIELD: With a preview of the president's trip to the NATO summit, CNN's Alphonso van Marsh is live from the capital city of Ankara.
Well, how are you doing, Alfonso? Give us a sense as to -- set the stage for us just upon the president's arrival?
ALPHONSO VAN MARSH, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Sure. The president isn't expected to arrive, here in the capital, for another few hours, but already a tight security clampdown here in Ankara, some 13,000 security forces on the streets and many roads where the president is expected to travel have already been shut down. Now, this security clampdown comes just two days after a small bomb went off close to a hotel where the president is expected to stay. There were three people injured in that small blast. Now, the president will meet with Turkey's president and prime minister, tomorrow, topping that agenda, Iraq. They are expected to talk about a U.S. air base here called Incirlik. The U.S. is expected to for an expanded role for troops here as it relates to Iraq. And in return, Turkey is expected to ask President Bush what is his plan for northern Iraq, of concern, that Kurds in northern Iraq may try to establish and independent state. No, the U.S. president has partially answered those questions saying he will help Turkey fight what the U.S. and Turkey calls "armed terrorists," the PKK, who are believed to be operating in the eastern part of this country and who also have bases in northern Iraq.
Now, after all of that, Mr. Bush, as you've mentioned, will be heading down to Istanbul where he'll join dozens of heads of state for the NATO summit -- Fredricka.
WHITFIELD: And Alphanso, given the president and other leaders, but particularly President Bush, was greeted in Ireland with strong protests. What about there in Ankara? What is the possibility of large protests coming out, given, you said there is security already in place?
VAN MARSH: Well, the possibility of protests is certainly strong. There's actually a saying here. People, instead of calling it the Bush summit are calling it the busch (ph) summit, in Turkish meaning the "empty summit," that nothing will, really substantial will come out of it.
Turks here are against the U.S. occupation of Iraq, as well as, U.S. policy with the Palestinians and Israelis. So, we're expecting to see some protesters, to the extent of how strong they'll be isn't that clear. What's also interesting of note, in Ankara, as well as in Istanbul, protesters are being kind of held back from where the U.S. president is expected to be. To give you an example, in Istanbul, the closest allowed protest venue will be over a mile away from the NATO summit.
WHITFIELD: All right, Alphonso van Marsh, thanks very much, from Ankara, Turkey.
Well, for the second time this month, President Bush is crowding John Kerry off the political stage with a headline-making trip to Europe. Kerry also got big-footed by former President Clinton who stole headlines with his new memoir. Let's talk about the week in politics with Ron Brownstein, our CNN political analyst and "Los Angeles Times" columnist; he joins us now from Washington.
Good to see you, Ron.
RON BROWNSTEIN, CNN POLITICAL ANALYST: Hi Fredricka.
WHITFIELD: Well, before we talk about the John Kerry factor and Clinton factor, let's talk about President Bush and what he's up against right now. Polls are already showing -- a CNN poll released earlier this week showed more than 50 percent of Americans now don't think going to Iraq was the right thing to do. There's increased insurgent attacks in Iraq, threats against the life of the interim prime minister, the list goes on, and now the president in Turkey is hoping to get more NATO support. Is this strictly a trip of symbolism or is it believed that there will be some real possible goals met?
BROWNSTEIN: Well, the opportunity at the NATO summit is a bit larger than it seemed a few weeks ago, though still modest. What's happened is that with the Iraqi government asking NATO to become involved in the training of Iraqi troops, it's probably made it easier for the European countries, many of which are still dubious about seeming to reward President Bush after he went to war over their objections, to get involved. And so there is an expectation that perhaps NATO will agree to a role in training Iraqi troops, although they are still likely to shy away from the commitment -- large-scale commitment of actual troops to the battle in Iraq and of course, that is the bar that John Kerry has tried to establish in his speech all month saying, in effect, that unless the president can produce that sort of commitment, his diplomacy has failed.
WHITFIELD: Now compound the perception of the world view on President Bush with now the release of Michael Moore's movie "Fahrenheit 9/11," there's been an awful lot of criticism about the inaccuracies of that report, but how damaging still might it be for the Bush/Cheney campaign?
BROWNSTEIN: We'll it's probably something that's more going to mobilize then persuade. You know, we'll have to see the impact of the movie, certainly all this publicity is allowing it to emerge with more attention than almost any documentary I can remember. And it's almost unprecedented to see a commercially distributed movie so particularly aimed -- precisely and overtly aimed at influencing the presidential election. I think it's one more aspect of the mobilization of the democratic base. The real issue, of course, in the end is more likely to be how those last few percent of swing voters, which are smaller than in the past, react to what's happening, in particular, in Iraq.
WHITFIELD: And now, just days away from CIA Director George Tenet stepping down and now the Bush administration says we actually have a decision on this one, Porter Goss ought to be the replacement, as opposed to the deputy being moved in as the interim. Initially the concern was the Senate confirmation hearings. What's happened? What's changed?
BROWNSTEIN: Well, first of all, if they go with Goss, it's always easier to have someone from the Congress itself, it reduces some of the bile, usually, not always. That was John Tower in the 1980s who was rejected as defense secretary.
But, look, this will be an opportunity, if they do in fact, have confirmation hearings to revisit many of the issues about weapons of mass destruction, about expectations about the occupation, the degree of willingness of Iraqis to accept that. You mentioned the polling before, the CNN polling, where 54 percent said it was a mistake to go into Iraq. That's the first time your poll has had a majority saying it was a mistake, and a clear contrast with Vietnam where it -- you didn't get a majority saying it was a mistake to go into Vietnam until August of 1968, in Gallup polling.
So clearly what the president needs is some evidence of things turning around, something that will increase confidence among Americans, that even if things are not getting better right away, at least they are moving on the right track in Iraq.
That's why this June 30 handover, I think, is such an important date, not because things are going to transform overnight, but because it gives him an opportunity to turn the page. If Americans see progress he will benefit quite a bit. If they don't though, it may compound a sense of pessimism about this that has become probably his biggest obstacle to reelection.
WHITFIELD: And Ron quickly, I've already gone over our limit now, but let's talk about Kerry real quick. He's been the invisible candidate and there had been some concern he might be overstaged by Clinton being involved in his candidacy. Can afford not to use Clinton?
BROWNSTEIN: No, I think Clinton will be much more visible in this campaign than he was in 2000. The Kerry folks have signaled they want to use him as a surrogate, as a fundraiser, as someone who can mobilize the Democratic base. There isn't that kind of intense psychological competition that went on between Clinton and Gore. So, he will be more visible in the end, though. Like the Ronald Reagan's funeral, the Bill Clinton book will pay, I think, and this will be a Kerry/Bush race for most Americans by the fall.
WHITFIELD: OK. All right. Ron Brownstein, "L.A. Times" thanks very much, appreciate it.
BROWNSTEIN: Thank you.
WHITFIELD: Well, with over 100 civilian deaths in Iraq this week, will Iraqis be even more vulnerable once the handover takes place? We'll talk all about that.
Plus, what Americans in Saudi Arabia are doing to protect themselves now in the face of attacks against foreigners.
And later on, the saliva of a lizard? It might help in the fight against diabetes and obesity, of all things. We'll explain.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
WHITFIELD: The Iraqis take political control of their country Wednesday, four days before the transfer, now. Security remains the top concern for the new Iraqi leadership, even with U.S. troops still on the streets. Let's talk to Professor Samer Shehata of Georgetown University joining us from Washington.
Good to see you, Professor.
SAMER SHEHATA, GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY: Thank you.
WHITFIELD: Well, do you have any real hope or expectation that NATO troops will follow through with a commitment that President Bush is lobbying for in Turkey?
SHEHATA: Well, I think that it's possible that NATO will agree to train Iraqi troops. But, I think it's quite unlikely that NATO will send troops to Iraq. I think that's beyond the realm of serious expectation.
WHITFIELD: And if there were more NATO troops or NATO troops to couple up with coalition forces, might that undermine the interim government and the Iraqi forces on what they are trying to do as a sovereign nation, come Wednesday?
SHEHATA: No, not really because Iyad Allawi has actually asked for NATO troops and NATO help, so it wouldn't undermine the Iraqi government in the least. Certainly...
WHITFIELD: So, that's what makes the difference?
SHEHATA: That's what makes the difference. June 30 is important, and for the most part, many Iraqis, even those critical of the United States and the occupation, have bought into the transfer of sovereignty and shown acceptance and willingness to recognize this government. That is, the government of Iyad Allawi and Ghazi Yawar, so that's very good.
WHITFIELD: Well, the safety of American troops, as well as Iraqi forces, cannot be guaranteed, but does the U.S. or the coalition forces have an obligation to at least guarantee the security of interim government leaders, particularly since there have been very specific threats made against Allawi, and obviously, there have been many other ministers of health, security, etcetera, who have been assassinated, or at least been victims of attempted assassinations?
SHEHATA: Certainly. Coalition forces have an obligation not only to protect Iyad Allawi and other members of the new interim government, but they also an obligation to provide basic security to the Iraqi people, which as you mentioned....
WHITFIELD: How far should they do?
SHEHATA: ...is the number one issue. Well, it's their responsibility and as a result of not having a mature army and police because, as you know, the United States Department of Defense disbanded the Iraqi army and police, that makes their obligation even more important, as it were. Iraqis, even by American admission, Iraqi security forces are not mature enough, do not have enough experience to provide security to the Iraqi people and fight this counter- insurgency. So, the coalition forces are needed. How it works itself out, is not determine, yet.
WHITFIELD: And if indeed, the insurgent attacks pick up, as people are predicting just days before Wednesday's end, why should it believe that Iraqis will in any way support the interim government and won't just give in to the insurgency attacks?
SHEHATA: Well, that's a very good question. This is the problem of possibly unmet expectations because, as I mentioned before, many Iraqis have bought into the new interim government, including religious leaders like Ali Sistani and Moqtada al-Sadr who were very crucial of the United States, but if this interim government is not able to deliver on security and public services, then we've got a problem.
WHITFIELD: Professor Samer Shehata of Georgetown University, from Washington, thanks very much for joining us this Saturday.
SHEHATA: You're very welcome.
WHITFIELD: Well, in Saudi Arabia, can more guns help the situation there? The Saudi government takes steps to help foreigners protect themselves from attacks.
And later on, using your body for better cell phone service? You won't believe what the Japanese have up their sleeves.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
WHITFIELD: Recent terrorist attacks on foreigners in Saudi Arabia have sent a lot of workers packing, concerned that an exodus would hand terrorists a victory, Saudi Arabia is changing the rules. CNN's senior international correspondent, Nic Robertson, reports.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
NIC ROBERTSON, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: It is the fate of U.S. helicopter engineer, Paul Johnson that scares expatriate Western workers here the most. These three expat are still in Saudi Arabia and want to remain anonymous.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Why I'm so worry, is someone going to get in here? Is someone going to walk into my car -- my house and try and hurt me because I have no way to defend myself. I've gotten my carpenter to make a spear. I mean, these guys have automatic weapons and I've got a spear.
ROBERTSON: Morale among this beleaguered community is low.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: So, when you see the situation like Mr. Johnson, people will readily have to make a decision -- what am I going to have to do? I have seen these actions taken place. They're threatening to do more. I have to say, I want to go.
ROBERTSON: The question for those that remain -- is it still worth staying?
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: When you start confining yourself to the compound and living like a prisoner, there comes a point in time where -- you know, it's just not worth it, and it's just -- if you're going to live like that, you might as well head out and go back to -- back to America.
ROBERTSON: Within hours of our interview, news from the Saudi authorities that foreigners can apply for gun permits. Contacted by phone, the three say that gives them greater confidence, but they feel more needs to be done.
(on camera): While security checks, here at Riyadh's main diplomatic compound, are very strict, what concerns many expatriate Western workers is that at the compounds where they live, security is not as professional or rigorous.
(voice-over): At talks planned with foreign minister, Prince Saud al-Faisal, this weekend, U.S. officials hope to improve compound security. Negotiations are continuing to allow armed private security companies to protect Western workers. And in that context, the U.S. officials say the new gun laws are a positive step.
How quickly interior minister, Prince Nayef bin Abdul Aziz, intends to implement the new ruling is unclear. As are the details on gun licensing, import, and training. By Saudi Arabia's past practices however, he appears to be moving with haste.
Nic Robertson, CNN, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
WHITFIELD: Saying good-bye: Friends and family gather in New Jersey to remember an American killed in Saudi Arabia. We'll go there live, right after this break.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
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Aired June 26, 2004 - 12:00 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
FREDRICKA WHITFIELD, CNN ANCHOR: It's Noon in Washington, 7:00 p.m. in Baghdad, welcome to CNN LIVE SATURDAY, I'm Fredricka Whitfield. Ahead this Hour: New terror attacks in Iraq (AUDIO GAP) hour nears. How the U.S. military is responding. Also:
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
UNIDENTIFIED MALE (through translator): We tried to hide among civilians. We hit and tried to hide.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
WHITFIELD: A CNN exclusive, how some foreign fighters sneak into Iraq in efforts to kill American troops and Iraqi civilians.
Also, a special memorial service for American engineer, Paul Johnson beheaded in Saudi Arabia by terrorists. But first the headlines.
Just days before the handover of Iraq's sovereignty, insurgents are keeping up their attacks on coalition forces. New violence has shattered the peace in the holy city of Najaf. A U.S. Army convoy came under fire after taking a wrong turn in the direction of the city's holy shrines. The convoy retreated and no casualties were reported.
In northern Iraq, one person was killed and nearly two dozen others were wounded in a car bombing. The bomb went off as a convoy carrying a Kurdish government official passed by. The official and his bodyguards were among the wounded.
Pakistan's government is undergoing a change. The country's prime minister resigned today and dissolved his cabinet. The move follows months of speculation that his relationship with President Pervez Musharraf was growing increasingly strained. The leader of the ruling party, the Pakistani Muslim League, is expected to become the new prime minister. His nomination is awaiting approval by the National Assembly.
We begin with the countdown to a day the entire world will be watching. Just four days from now, the U.S.-led coalition transfers sovereignty to Iraq, and as the clock ticks, insurgents are still on the attack. CNN's Baghdad bureau chief, Jane Arraf, is with us now from the Iraqi capital -- Jane.
JANE ARRAF, CNN BAGHDAD BUREAU CHIEF: Fredricka, U.S. officials say the incident in Najaf was a pretty minor one that could have been a lot worse, that was the transportation convoy taking a wrong turn, according to military officials, and driving in the unfortunate direction of the holy shrines. A bit of gunfire exchanged and the convoy retreated, no one hurt.
That wasn't the case in other cities. In Baqubah, northeast of Baghdad, an attack on an office associated with Iraq's interim prime minister, as well as a government building and other targets. And in the Kurdish city of Irbil an attack there, as well, on the culture minister for the governing Kurdish party that controls that region. He was wounded, along with 15 other people and his bodyguard was killed. Now a lot of the major violence, a lot of the biggest suicide bombs are being blamed on Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the Jordanian-born fugitive. The military spokesman here say catching Zarqawi is the coalition the top priority.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
BRIG. GEN. MARK KIMMITT, U.S. MILITARY SPOKESMAN: The Iraqi security forces and the coalition forces are resolved to continue the hunt for Zarqawi and other terrorists that are responsible for the violence that we are seeing in Iraq. Just as when we caught Saddam we saw the violence go down, but not go away, it is also our assessment that even if we were to catch or kill Zarqawi tomorrow, there would still be residual violence and perhaps a significant amount of violence resulting in emanating from other groups in this country who do not want to see the people of this country enjoy freedom, democracy, civil rights, individual liberties.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
ARRAF: Kimmitt went on to say the Zarqawi network, in fact, seems to be growing, that this country essentially has become a magnet for anti-American attacks for insurgents, for all sorts of people who want to wreak havoc. That's what they are aiming at in Zarqawi's network, which appears to be growing and splitting off into other groups. A big challenge for the coalition and for the Iraqi security forces, of course -- Fredricka.
And Jane, I understand many clerics across the country have come out and are asking insurgents to stop what they're doing, in fact, some mosques have even handed out flyers asking for the people, the Iraqi people to support the Iraqi forces. How impactful are these words coming from the mosques?
ARRAF: They're pretty powerful, Fredricka, but we've got to differentiate between a couple of different kinds of attacks. There air lot of Iraqis, we have to be honest, a substantial number of Iraqis who do believe firmly that they're under occupation. And attacks against what they consider the occupying powers still, U.S. forces, other coalition forces, are in a far different category than what we're seeing more of lately, which is the spectacular attacks that are increasingly hitting and seem to be directed at Iraqis, whether they're Iraqi police or Iraqi security forces. What they're doing is basically killing innocent bystanders and that's really what people are really incensed about -- Fredricka. WHITFIELD: Jane Arraf in Baghdad, thanks very much.
Well, the U.S.-led coalition blames the attacks by insurgents on one man, Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. The coalition says the Jordanian-born Zarqawi is the head of the terrorist network that's intent on sowing chaos and preventing democracy in Iraq from taking root. Zarqawi is believed to be based in Fallujah, a hotbed of anti-coalition sentiment. And three times in the last week, coalition air strikes have targeted suspected safe houses used by him. In an exclusive report, CNN's Jim Clancy gives us a closer look at the troubling issue of foreign fighters.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
JIM CLANCY, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Posters honoring those who died fighting against the Americans, found not in Baghdad or the Sunni Triangle, but here in a Yarmouk a Palestinian refugee camp in neighboring Syria. Ahmed, who spoke on the condition he remains anonymous, lives here. He says he's been to Iraq several times waging war on U.S. troops.
"AHMED," (through translator): We tried to hide among civilians. We hit and tried to hide.
CLANCY: When U.S. troops first invaded Iraq, Ahmed and others from here took buses to the Syrian-Iraqi border and paid money to be smuggled across.
"AHMED," (through translator): There were American patrols everywhere. Anywhere you want to target them we set up with bombs, like weapons, and rocket-propelled grenades.
CLANCY: Just how many of these so-called foreign fighters are in Iraq is not clear. Coalition military estimates have ranged from the hundreds all the way into the thousands.
DONALD RUMSFELD, SECRETARY OF DEFENSE: Oh, it's tough to know. The borders are porous. We know a lot of them came in from Syria, we know some came in from Iran.
CLANCY: The coalition says there are some 200 of what it calls "third party nationals" that it has in custody. Ahmed says they come from all over the Arab world.
"AHMED" (through translator): There are groups of Syrians and Palestinians, Saudis, Yemenis, they are from all nationalities.
CLANCY: The biggest impact of these foreign fighters seems to be suicide bombings, like this one in the heart of Baghdad.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: All suicide bombers, they are not Iraqis.
CLANCY (on camera): All across the Arab world, Iraq has become a rallying cry against the United States. Moreover, it is a place where arms are easily available; there is an abundance of U.S.-linked targets, and, therefore, the opportunity to having claimed having taken part in a jihad against America.
(voice-over): Much in the way a previous generation went to Afghanistan and fought against the Soviets, many becoming followers of a young man names Osama bin Laden.
JONATHAN STEVENSON, INST. FOR STRATEGIC STUDIES: Those who have gone to Iraq will stand in similar shoes to those who went to Afghanistan.
CLANCY: In Yarmouk, there are already monuments to those who gave their lives in Iraq. Ahmed wants to sneak back across the border from Syria, he says. He also says he still considering becoming a suicide bomber.
Jim Clancy, CNN, Dubai.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
WHITFIELD: CNN is committed to bringing you complete coverage leading up to Iraq's new sovereignty. Tune in tomorrow to a CNN Presents Special Report, "Countdown to Handover," that's Sunday at 8:00 p.m. Eastern, 5:00 pacific.
President Bush says the handover in Iraq will go forward Wednesday, as scheduled, despite increasing attacks by insurgents. At this hour Mr. Bush is en route to Turkey for a NATO summit along with 40 other world leaders. The president left Ireland this morning where his presence sparked protests. He asked European leaders for their help in stabilizing Iraq after the transfer of power, and at t a news conference with Irish Prime Minister Bertie Ahern, the president said divisions about Iraq are a thing of the past.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
GEORGE W. BUSH, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: The bitter differences of the war are over. I think people -- you know, people -- some people didn't agree with the decision that I made and others made as well, but we all agree that a democratic Iraq, a peaceful Iraq, an Iraq which is -- has its territorial integrity intact is in the benefit of the -- is it all our benefit. And so, there is a common interest and a common goal to work together to help the Iraqi people realize the benefits of a free society.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
WHITFIELD: With a preview of the president's trip to the NATO summit, CNN's Alphonso van Marsh is live from the capital city of Ankara.
Well, how are you doing, Alfonso? Give us a sense as to -- set the stage for us just upon the president's arrival?
ALPHONSO VAN MARSH, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Sure. The president isn't expected to arrive, here in the capital, for another few hours, but already a tight security clampdown here in Ankara, some 13,000 security forces on the streets and many roads where the president is expected to travel have already been shut down. Now, this security clampdown comes just two days after a small bomb went off close to a hotel where the president is expected to stay. There were three people injured in that small blast. Now, the president will meet with Turkey's president and prime minister, tomorrow, topping that agenda, Iraq. They are expected to talk about a U.S. air base here called Incirlik. The U.S. is expected to for an expanded role for troops here as it relates to Iraq. And in return, Turkey is expected to ask President Bush what is his plan for northern Iraq, of concern, that Kurds in northern Iraq may try to establish and independent state. No, the U.S. president has partially answered those questions saying he will help Turkey fight what the U.S. and Turkey calls "armed terrorists," the PKK, who are believed to be operating in the eastern part of this country and who also have bases in northern Iraq.
Now, after all of that, Mr. Bush, as you've mentioned, will be heading down to Istanbul where he'll join dozens of heads of state for the NATO summit -- Fredricka.
WHITFIELD: And Alphanso, given the president and other leaders, but particularly President Bush, was greeted in Ireland with strong protests. What about there in Ankara? What is the possibility of large protests coming out, given, you said there is security already in place?
VAN MARSH: Well, the possibility of protests is certainly strong. There's actually a saying here. People, instead of calling it the Bush summit are calling it the busch (ph) summit, in Turkish meaning the "empty summit," that nothing will, really substantial will come out of it.
Turks here are against the U.S. occupation of Iraq, as well as, U.S. policy with the Palestinians and Israelis. So, we're expecting to see some protesters, to the extent of how strong they'll be isn't that clear. What's also interesting of note, in Ankara, as well as in Istanbul, protesters are being kind of held back from where the U.S. president is expected to be. To give you an example, in Istanbul, the closest allowed protest venue will be over a mile away from the NATO summit.
WHITFIELD: All right, Alphonso van Marsh, thanks very much, from Ankara, Turkey.
Well, for the second time this month, President Bush is crowding John Kerry off the political stage with a headline-making trip to Europe. Kerry also got big-footed by former President Clinton who stole headlines with his new memoir. Let's talk about the week in politics with Ron Brownstein, our CNN political analyst and "Los Angeles Times" columnist; he joins us now from Washington.
Good to see you, Ron.
RON BROWNSTEIN, CNN POLITICAL ANALYST: Hi Fredricka.
WHITFIELD: Well, before we talk about the John Kerry factor and Clinton factor, let's talk about President Bush and what he's up against right now. Polls are already showing -- a CNN poll released earlier this week showed more than 50 percent of Americans now don't think going to Iraq was the right thing to do. There's increased insurgent attacks in Iraq, threats against the life of the interim prime minister, the list goes on, and now the president in Turkey is hoping to get more NATO support. Is this strictly a trip of symbolism or is it believed that there will be some real possible goals met?
BROWNSTEIN: Well, the opportunity at the NATO summit is a bit larger than it seemed a few weeks ago, though still modest. What's happened is that with the Iraqi government asking NATO to become involved in the training of Iraqi troops, it's probably made it easier for the European countries, many of which are still dubious about seeming to reward President Bush after he went to war over their objections, to get involved. And so there is an expectation that perhaps NATO will agree to a role in training Iraqi troops, although they are still likely to shy away from the commitment -- large-scale commitment of actual troops to the battle in Iraq and of course, that is the bar that John Kerry has tried to establish in his speech all month saying, in effect, that unless the president can produce that sort of commitment, his diplomacy has failed.
WHITFIELD: Now compound the perception of the world view on President Bush with now the release of Michael Moore's movie "Fahrenheit 9/11," there's been an awful lot of criticism about the inaccuracies of that report, but how damaging still might it be for the Bush/Cheney campaign?
BROWNSTEIN: We'll it's probably something that's more going to mobilize then persuade. You know, we'll have to see the impact of the movie, certainly all this publicity is allowing it to emerge with more attention than almost any documentary I can remember. And it's almost unprecedented to see a commercially distributed movie so particularly aimed -- precisely and overtly aimed at influencing the presidential election. I think it's one more aspect of the mobilization of the democratic base. The real issue, of course, in the end is more likely to be how those last few percent of swing voters, which are smaller than in the past, react to what's happening, in particular, in Iraq.
WHITFIELD: And now, just days away from CIA Director George Tenet stepping down and now the Bush administration says we actually have a decision on this one, Porter Goss ought to be the replacement, as opposed to the deputy being moved in as the interim. Initially the concern was the Senate confirmation hearings. What's happened? What's changed?
BROWNSTEIN: Well, first of all, if they go with Goss, it's always easier to have someone from the Congress itself, it reduces some of the bile, usually, not always. That was John Tower in the 1980s who was rejected as defense secretary.
But, look, this will be an opportunity, if they do in fact, have confirmation hearings to revisit many of the issues about weapons of mass destruction, about expectations about the occupation, the degree of willingness of Iraqis to accept that. You mentioned the polling before, the CNN polling, where 54 percent said it was a mistake to go into Iraq. That's the first time your poll has had a majority saying it was a mistake, and a clear contrast with Vietnam where it -- you didn't get a majority saying it was a mistake to go into Vietnam until August of 1968, in Gallup polling.
So clearly what the president needs is some evidence of things turning around, something that will increase confidence among Americans, that even if things are not getting better right away, at least they are moving on the right track in Iraq.
That's why this June 30 handover, I think, is such an important date, not because things are going to transform overnight, but because it gives him an opportunity to turn the page. If Americans see progress he will benefit quite a bit. If they don't though, it may compound a sense of pessimism about this that has become probably his biggest obstacle to reelection.
WHITFIELD: And Ron quickly, I've already gone over our limit now, but let's talk about Kerry real quick. He's been the invisible candidate and there had been some concern he might be overstaged by Clinton being involved in his candidacy. Can afford not to use Clinton?
BROWNSTEIN: No, I think Clinton will be much more visible in this campaign than he was in 2000. The Kerry folks have signaled they want to use him as a surrogate, as a fundraiser, as someone who can mobilize the Democratic base. There isn't that kind of intense psychological competition that went on between Clinton and Gore. So, he will be more visible in the end, though. Like the Ronald Reagan's funeral, the Bill Clinton book will pay, I think, and this will be a Kerry/Bush race for most Americans by the fall.
WHITFIELD: OK. All right. Ron Brownstein, "L.A. Times" thanks very much, appreciate it.
BROWNSTEIN: Thank you.
WHITFIELD: Well, with over 100 civilian deaths in Iraq this week, will Iraqis be even more vulnerable once the handover takes place? We'll talk all about that.
Plus, what Americans in Saudi Arabia are doing to protect themselves now in the face of attacks against foreigners.
And later on, the saliva of a lizard? It might help in the fight against diabetes and obesity, of all things. We'll explain.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
WHITFIELD: The Iraqis take political control of their country Wednesday, four days before the transfer, now. Security remains the top concern for the new Iraqi leadership, even with U.S. troops still on the streets. Let's talk to Professor Samer Shehata of Georgetown University joining us from Washington.
Good to see you, Professor.
SAMER SHEHATA, GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY: Thank you.
WHITFIELD: Well, do you have any real hope or expectation that NATO troops will follow through with a commitment that President Bush is lobbying for in Turkey?
SHEHATA: Well, I think that it's possible that NATO will agree to train Iraqi troops. But, I think it's quite unlikely that NATO will send troops to Iraq. I think that's beyond the realm of serious expectation.
WHITFIELD: And if there were more NATO troops or NATO troops to couple up with coalition forces, might that undermine the interim government and the Iraqi forces on what they are trying to do as a sovereign nation, come Wednesday?
SHEHATA: No, not really because Iyad Allawi has actually asked for NATO troops and NATO help, so it wouldn't undermine the Iraqi government in the least. Certainly...
WHITFIELD: So, that's what makes the difference?
SHEHATA: That's what makes the difference. June 30 is important, and for the most part, many Iraqis, even those critical of the United States and the occupation, have bought into the transfer of sovereignty and shown acceptance and willingness to recognize this government. That is, the government of Iyad Allawi and Ghazi Yawar, so that's very good.
WHITFIELD: Well, the safety of American troops, as well as Iraqi forces, cannot be guaranteed, but does the U.S. or the coalition forces have an obligation to at least guarantee the security of interim government leaders, particularly since there have been very specific threats made against Allawi, and obviously, there have been many other ministers of health, security, etcetera, who have been assassinated, or at least been victims of attempted assassinations?
SHEHATA: Certainly. Coalition forces have an obligation not only to protect Iyad Allawi and other members of the new interim government, but they also an obligation to provide basic security to the Iraqi people, which as you mentioned....
WHITFIELD: How far should they do?
SHEHATA: ...is the number one issue. Well, it's their responsibility and as a result of not having a mature army and police because, as you know, the United States Department of Defense disbanded the Iraqi army and police, that makes their obligation even more important, as it were. Iraqis, even by American admission, Iraqi security forces are not mature enough, do not have enough experience to provide security to the Iraqi people and fight this counter- insurgency. So, the coalition forces are needed. How it works itself out, is not determine, yet.
WHITFIELD: And if indeed, the insurgent attacks pick up, as people are predicting just days before Wednesday's end, why should it believe that Iraqis will in any way support the interim government and won't just give in to the insurgency attacks?
SHEHATA: Well, that's a very good question. This is the problem of possibly unmet expectations because, as I mentioned before, many Iraqis have bought into the new interim government, including religious leaders like Ali Sistani and Moqtada al-Sadr who were very crucial of the United States, but if this interim government is not able to deliver on security and public services, then we've got a problem.
WHITFIELD: Professor Samer Shehata of Georgetown University, from Washington, thanks very much for joining us this Saturday.
SHEHATA: You're very welcome.
WHITFIELD: Well, in Saudi Arabia, can more guns help the situation there? The Saudi government takes steps to help foreigners protect themselves from attacks.
And later on, using your body for better cell phone service? You won't believe what the Japanese have up their sleeves.
(COMMERCIAL BREAK)
WHITFIELD: Recent terrorist attacks on foreigners in Saudi Arabia have sent a lot of workers packing, concerned that an exodus would hand terrorists a victory, Saudi Arabia is changing the rules. CNN's senior international correspondent, Nic Robertson, reports.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
NIC ROBERTSON, CNN SENIOR INTERNATIONAL CORRESPONDENT: It is the fate of U.S. helicopter engineer, Paul Johnson that scares expatriate Western workers here the most. These three expat are still in Saudi Arabia and want to remain anonymous.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Why I'm so worry, is someone going to get in here? Is someone going to walk into my car -- my house and try and hurt me because I have no way to defend myself. I've gotten my carpenter to make a spear. I mean, these guys have automatic weapons and I've got a spear.
ROBERTSON: Morale among this beleaguered community is low.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: So, when you see the situation like Mr. Johnson, people will readily have to make a decision -- what am I going to have to do? I have seen these actions taken place. They're threatening to do more. I have to say, I want to go.
ROBERTSON: The question for those that remain -- is it still worth staying?
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: When you start confining yourself to the compound and living like a prisoner, there comes a point in time where -- you know, it's just not worth it, and it's just -- if you're going to live like that, you might as well head out and go back to -- back to America.
ROBERTSON: Within hours of our interview, news from the Saudi authorities that foreigners can apply for gun permits. Contacted by phone, the three say that gives them greater confidence, but they feel more needs to be done.
(on camera): While security checks, here at Riyadh's main diplomatic compound, are very strict, what concerns many expatriate Western workers is that at the compounds where they live, security is not as professional or rigorous.
(voice-over): At talks planned with foreign minister, Prince Saud al-Faisal, this weekend, U.S. officials hope to improve compound security. Negotiations are continuing to allow armed private security companies to protect Western workers. And in that context, the U.S. officials say the new gun laws are a positive step.
How quickly interior minister, Prince Nayef bin Abdul Aziz, intends to implement the new ruling is unclear. As are the details on gun licensing, import, and training. By Saudi Arabia's past practices however, he appears to be moving with haste.
Nic Robertson, CNN, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
WHITFIELD: Saying good-bye: Friends and family gather in New Jersey to remember an American killed in Saudi Arabia. We'll go there live, right after this break.
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