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CNN Saturday Morning News

Weekend House Call

Aired August 16, 2003 - 08:30   ET

THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.

THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.


FREDRICKA WHITFIELD, CNN ANCHOR: Now time to focus on Weekend House Call, your kids, back to school and their health.
Sanjay Gupta is next.

DR. SANJAY GUPTA, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Good morning and welcome to CNN's Weekend House Call.

I'm Dr. Sanjay Gupta.

Well, it's that time of year again, time to buy a new backpack, sharpen those pencils and keep your fingers crossed that you get the teacher you want. It's time to head back to school. In the next 30 minutes, we hope to answer all your questions so you can give your youngsters a healthy start this year. It's mandatory viewing.

We'll be covering everything from lice to lunches. That sounds kind of appetizing.

So let's get started with some tips for parents.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

GUPTA (voice-over): As back to school time rolls around, it's the perfect opportunity to run a check on your child's health. Immunizing your child is one of the best ways a parent can protect a child from serious disease. Make sure your child's shots are up to date and get the paperwork because each state has its own vaccination requirements and schools can and will ask for proof.

DR. ROBERT WISKIND, PEDIATRICIAN: A child needs around 15 immunizations or shots to be completed by the time they enter school.

GUPTA: It's also a good time to schedule child's yearly physical. The appointment will likely include an examination of your child's eyes, ears, chest, lung, coordination, mobility and growth. Physicals can give you and your child the opportunity to address any specific concerns. So bring a list of questions and if your child is old enough, encourage him or her to make a list, as well.

WISKIND: We talk about their habits, their eating habits, sleeping habits, exercise, school.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Do we have a match?

UNIDENTIFIED CHILDREN: Yes! GUPTA: With a new school year, new classroom and new friends, comes exposure to new infectious diseases. Schools, like any other place where people are in close quarters, can be a breeding ground for viruses and bacteria. As a parent, one of the best ways to fight back is a simple one -- teach your kids to wash their hands often, before eating and after using the bathroom. Show them how to wash their hands properly and thoroughly.

WISKIND: It will prevent a large number of respiratory illnesses, colds, ear infections, sinus infections.

GUPTA: Another proactive back to school move for parents is to ensure a good night's sleep for your child. Start the early to bed, early to rise routine now. Experts also recommend creating a relaxing evening atmosphere and routine.

Also, limit that caffeine. What your child eats and drinks is also important. CDC statistics show that nearly 80 percent of young people do not eat the recommended five servings of fruit and vegetables every day. Talk to your child about making smart food choices in the cafeteria line and give that sack lunch a second look to make sure it's as healthy as it is tasty.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Nathan, point to the 12.

GUPTA: Back to school time, a perfect time to review the basics, ensure good health and plan for the future.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

GUPTA: All right, so how can you fuel your child's brain power? That's a question on a lot of people's minds. Well, the national PTA has a top 10 list, so with a nod to David Letterman, here we go.

Number 10, give your child plenty of time for creative play.

Number nine, make sure your kids get one hour of physical activity every day. We're going to talk more about that.

Number eight, engage your child in the cultural arts.

Number seven, set high, but also realistic, expectations.

Number six, dedicate time to your child's homework.

The number five way you can fuel your child's brain power is get involved with your child's school.

Number four, schedule regular checkups.

Number three, make sure your child gets nine to 10 hours of sleep every night.

Number two, feed your child breakfast every morning.

And the number one tip for fueling your child's brainpower, no surprise here, show your child lots of love and affection.

The PTA's list is based on decades of research and the tips are proven to increase children's learning abilities. But we still know you have lots of questions, so we want to hear from you. Call us at 1-800-807-2620. International charges may apply for overseas callers. Or e-mail us, housecall@cnn.com.

We're going to have lots of questions, so joining me today is one of -- is a pediatrician from right here in town, Dr. Avril Beckford.

She's been a pediatrician for about 15 years. And I should point out, as well, she has two children of her own, 15 and 13, so you're not only a doctor, but you're also a parent with, hopefully with lots of good tips today.

DR. AVRIL BECKFORD, PEDIATRICIAN: I hope so.

GUPTA: All right, thanks so much for joining us.

Let's get started right away with our first e-mail question. This comes from Missy in Louisiana, who asks, "How can I protect my children from head lice brought to school by other kids?"

And, you know, I saw that question, Dr. Beckford. Is that even really a problem that much anymore? BECKFORD: It is, Sanjay. And thank you so much, Missy, for asking that question.

The first thing you need to know is not to worry. Most of the time this is nothing that parents have done or students have done. It's just one of those things that happens in crowded environments.

So, be in touch with the school nurse. The schools communicate well if there is an outbreak. And check your children when they come home if you have a note from the school nurse that tells you that.

There are a number of products over the counter that are very good to help and so important is to follow those directions really closely, because it's the only way to get rid of head lice.

I hope that helps.

GUPTA: That's good advice, no question.

I'll tell you, as well, it's always confusing on the set because there's actually three cameras floating around here and you're actually on that camera over there. I'm sorry. BECKFORD: Sorry.

GUPTA: No problem. We'll just keep chatting along here.

We've got a phone caller coming in next now.

I do that all time, by the way. And I've been doing this for two years. BECKFORD: Well, then I'm in good company.

GUPTA: Laurie in Connecticut, welcome to House Call, Laurie.

LAURIE: Thank you.

GUPTA: Go ahead with your question please.

LAURIE: I have a 7, 10 and 13-year-old, and I was wondering if they should get the meningitis shot.

GUPTA: That's -- go ahead. BECKFORD: That's a very good question, Laurie.

The meningitis shot at the moment is recommended for college aged students, students who are going off to college for the first time. And that is the current recommendation. Basically, it's for anyone who is in a group situation. If students are going to dorms, for example, and that would include boarding school students, it's also a very good idea that they get the meningococcal shot.

It is important to know, however, that it only lasts for about three years. So you may need to have a booster after that time. Currently, not a recommendation for school age students, unless they're in a boarding establishment (UNINTELLIGIBLE).

GUPTA: Anybody that shouldn't get that shot, then? BECKFORD: No. I think it is certainly a recommendation. Everyone should speak to their pediatrician because sometimes immunizations contain products and preservatives that patients may be allergic to.

GUPTA: OK. BECKFORD: So always a good idea to have that one- on-one.

GUPTA: Yes, and we're going to talk a lot about immunizations, as well, because that's a big topic and there's all sorts of different immunizations. It gets a little confusing. And we're going to get to more of that. But first let's go to our next e-mail, which is from Erin in Boston. Her question is, "Every year when my daughter goes back to school, the colds start and don't stop until next summer. So how do you stop them before they even start?"

That happens to a lot of parents, right, a lot of kids? BECKFORD: Absolutely. And that's a wonderful question. One of the most important things we can teach our children is good hand washing, because touching the desk, touching faucets in the bathrooms are sure ways to contract common colds. And they're just part of school life. So good hand washing is essential. Good diet, healthy sleep and exercise certainly helps improve the immunity.

But I think that's a good tip, good hand washing in schools.

GUPTA: You know, it's funny, and I always talked about good hand washing, as well, and people always say is it as simple as that, just washing your hands? But it really is, both for children and adults, as well, right? BECKFORD: Absolutely. And a good example of that is that pediatricians see 30 to 40 patients a day. And most of us are rarely ill because we...

GUPTA: Your hands are dry, probably, from washing your hands so much? BECKFORD: They're very dry. Can you see that? GUPTA: That's right. BECKFORD: I wash my hands before and after every patient, at least. And it really helps.

GUPTA: I'm sure it does. BECKFORD: And it's essential.

GUPTA: Well, a lot more coming up.

Getting it right when it comes to backpacks. That's an important topic. Plus, are you packing a healthy meal to put in that Sponge Bob Square Pants lunchbox? I just learned what that was. Does your child know how to make smart food choices in the school cafeteria line? Don't panic, we'll continue cramming for back to school when we come back.

Keep those calls and e-mails coming. Our number, 1-800-807-2620. Our e-mail, housecall@cnn.com.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

GUPTA: All right, welcome back to CNN's Weekend House Call.

Here are some tips for developing healthy homework habits in school this year. Create an environment that's conducive to studying. A permanent spot in a youngster's bedroom or other part of the house that offers privacy is best, although not on the bed. Make sure your family is setting aside enough time each day for homework. The American Academy of Pediatrics also recommends turning off the television during homework time. Parents should be available to answer questions and offer assistance, but should never do a child's homework for him or her.

Pediatricians also say it's good to take a 10 minute break from homework every hour. That will keep the boredom away. That will also prevent eye fatigue, neck pain and headaches while studying.

Now, if your child is struggling with a particular subject and you can't provide the needed help, consider a tutor. But, of course, talk it over with your child's teacher first.

We've got the answers to your back to school questions. Please call us, 1-800-807-2620. Or e-mail your questions housecall@cnn.com.

We've just given you some homework tips. But what about those backpacks to carry the homework and the school books? We've got a pop quiz. Our Daily Dose Health Quiz asks, "How heavy can your child's backpack be and still be safe?"

We'll have the answer in 30 seconds.

Stay with us.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

GUPTA: All right, checking the Daily Dose Quiz, we asked, "How heavy can your child's backpack be and still be safe?" The answer is the backpack should never weigh more than 10 to 20 percent of the student's body weight. So if your first grader, for example, weighs about 45 pounds, his backpack can weigh up to four and a half to nine pounds. A middle school student who weighs about 90 pounds could carry nine to 18 pounds in his or her backpack.

All right, here are some more tips for using a backpack. Put heavier items closest to the center of the backpack. Organize the backpack to use all of its compartments. Always use both shoulder straps to prevent straining muscles.

And we actually have a backpack here to talk about this with Dr. Beckford, who is joining us again.

This is sort of a big deal because people don't think, you know, just a thing to carry books in. But it can cause all sorts of problems, right?

What do you look for? BECKFORD: It absolutely can. And thank you, this is such a good point to talk about.

The first thing is I like these thick and padded straps because it doesn't cut off the circulation. So you'd need to be sure that these straps are not too narrow. You want to use all the components of the bag so that the weight is easily distributed.

The most important thing you said, though, is the weight. If you have a child who's 100 pounds, they really should not carry a backpack that's more than about 20 pounds.

GUPTA: That's good advice. BECKFORD: And really some of the schools are so creative in having lockers and letting the children not carry too many books at one time.

GUPTA: I think that's good advice. BECKFORD: So I think that's so important.

GUPTA: Yes, and, you know, I should point out, as well, this one costs about $75. They do get pretty expensive, don't they? BECKFORD: They do, but there are some good options if you shop around.

GUPTA: All right. BECKFORD: One important thing, always ask the student to put both of the shoulder straps on.

GUPTA: Try it on. BECKFORD: What they tend to do now is to carry it over one shoulder.

GUPTA: Oh, right, right. BECKFORD: And that increases their risk for scoliosis and for muscle strain.

GUPTA: But it's so much more hip just to carry it over the one shoulder. BECKFORD: I know it looks more hip, but we'll have to introduce a new style of carrying, both shoulders.

GUPTA: All right. A new and safe style, good. We're taking phone callers, as you know, and we have a phone call coming in now, Louis from Louisiana.

Welcome to House Call, Louis.

LOUIS: Yes, thank you.

My question is my 8-year-old grandson refuses to eat breakfast. How can I encourage him to eat breakfast?

GUPTA: It's the most important meal of the day, right? BECKFORD: Absolutely. And, Louis, first of all, I'm so pleased that you're concerned, because every child should start the day off with breakfast. It's so key. There are some neat tricks. There are some nice milkshakes that are available commercially and at least that is better than going to school hungry or without a good start.

So just set a routine, make it a good social time, a good time to sit down with your grandson and talk and introduce a good milkshake before school in the morning.

GUPTA: A milkshake sounds good in the morning. BECKFORD: I think so.

GUPTA: Let me ask you something real quick on that topic, though. You know, childhood obesity is obviously a real problem. BECKFORD: Yes.

GUPTA: And breakfast is an important meal of the day. But what age is it OK for a child to go on a diet or start really watching what they eat? BECKFORD: That's a great question and I prefer not to use the word diet, but rather healthy choices. Right from the beginning, children should be taught to eat healthfully. I think it's a good idea to pack lunches if one's not entirely satisfied with what choices they may make at school. So pack lunch. It's extra nurturing and it's fun. And teach them to make low carbohydrate, low fat choices right from the beginning. It's really a way of life. And you're right, about 40 percent of our children in fourth grade are now a little overweight. And that's a problem.

GUPTA: Right. You're such a good mom. Packing a lunch is fun. That's good. BECKFORD: Well, I have to confess that I don't pack a lunch. But then they have healthy choices at my children's school. And so I'm very fortunate.

GUPTA: And we are going to talk more about that, because that is an important topic.

Let's go straight to another e-mail question, though, now. Liz from Michigan writes, "What kind of healthy alternatives would you suggest for a child who doesn't like lunch meat?"

So here we are again talking about, you know, lunch meat is obviously a very common thing that you find packed in a lunch. So what do you tell Liz? BECKFORD: I think it would be good to consider other protein sources, like yogurt. Yogurt is a great source. Cottage cheese with fruit, something substantial that's going to carry them through. And I think protein should be a part of every snack and every meal.

GUPTA: All right, good advice. Good advice. And we're going to talk a lot more about that, as well.

But besides the ABCs, there's another letter in the alphabet of special concern to students and parents, the ZZZs. Some answers to your sleep questions when Weekend House Call returns.

Stay with us.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

GUPTA: Welcome back to CNN's Weekend House Call.

I'm Dr. Sanjay Gupta.

Well, for many kids, back to school means a commute on the big yellow bus. And it's important for parents or review bus safety rules with your youngster. Some tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics include wait for the bus to stop before approaching it from the curb, stay seated and don't move around the bus, check to see that no other traffic is coming before crossing the street and make sure you always remain in clear view of the bus driver.

That's good advice, important advice. We were talking about, we're going to talk about some sleep this particular block, and we've got some e-mail questions coming in. Our first one from Billy in Texas. And the question is, "How much rest, on average, does each kid need at the age of 10 and 12?" And I'll say, this is a big topic not only for children, but for adults. You know, they say six hours, eight hours. But what about children as they're going to school? BECKFORD: Billy, thank you for asking that question. It's a great question. And it varies according to age. Your specific question is ages 10 to 12. And believe it or not, those children still need about 10 hours sleep a night. What is important to know is that there are some good studies showing a correlation between good academic performance and the number of hours of sleep. Also, as they get older, driving performance correlates to hours of sleep and the teenager needs about nine to 10 hours minimum. And ado a lower incidence of anxiety and depression in children who have regular sleep hours.

So, sleep is important. The kindergarteners actually need 10 to 12 hours of sleep. And it really helps them to function well. Also, not only sleep, but rest. I worry a little bit about the over scheduled child, the child who has too many activities. I think they need time to get down and play and just have fun with their parents, as opposed to always having scheduled sports or scheduled music.

So I guess in a nutshell, a balance is what we're looking for.

GUPTA: Right. I think that's obvious, and children need that balance. And getting that much rest is really important not only because of being well rested, but also performing well in school and all those sorts of things.

Another question on sleep, as well. We'll get right to that. Jeanne from California has another sleep question. She writes, "My 14-year-old daughter has a terrible time falling asleep. We have tried exercise, soft music, magnesium malonate and warm milk." They've tried just about everything. What do you tell someone like her? BECKFORD: It sounds like you've tried some very good things. Most important is that she should be getting in at least an hour's exercise a day. That really makes a difference to being able to sleep. There are some children who may need some extra help and there are some wonderful things out there. Perhaps even speaking with a sleep psychologist because truly without medications, there are a lot of things that once can do -- relaxation techniques, yoga, as I mentioned, exercise. And that tends to really help. And I think sometimes it's frustrating when adolescents can't fall asleep. And just knowing that there's help out there really does help.

GUPTA: It's not a good idea to slip your children some sleeping pills? BECKFORD: Absolutely. Really, to avoid the over the counter medications that help them sleep. It sends a really bad message and lots of side effects.

GUPTA: Yes, that's right. And Terry from Minnesota is on the phone.

Welcome to House Call, Terry.

TERRY: Good morning, doctors.

Two and a half years ago, I lost my only son to chicken pox at the age of 15. Over the course of his younger childhood, he was treated a lot with monoxycillin (ph) and antibiotics for ear infections and whatnot. I was wondering if that could possibly deplete his natural immune system and if they're going to mandate chicken pox vaccine for school aged children? BECKFORD: Thank you for asking that question and I'm very sorry about your son. I'm so sad to hear that. Actually, currently the recommendation is for all children to be immunized against chicken pox and although most children do well with it, this is exactly the situation that we're trying to avoid. If we can have all children uniformly immunized against chicken pox, it prevents the complications and the death, especially in the older children.

So I'm a great advocate of universal immunization.

And, once again, I'm so terribly sorry about your son. And thank you.

The other question you asked was about the antibiotics depleting immunity. We try very hard not to over utilize antibiotics. But it is unlikely that this actually affected immunity to the -- to fighting the viral infection, unless he had some other immune situation going on.

Once again, our thoughts are with you.

GUPTA: Yes, sorry about your loss, as well, Terry.

We're going to move on, though.

Will you make the grade in getting your kids back to school this year?

This is obviously a big topic on a lot of parents' minds. We'll have some tips for you. You're not going to want to miss these.

Stay with us on Weekend House Call.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

GUPTA: All right, well, welcome back to CNN's Weekend House Call.

I'm Dr. Sanjay Gupta here with pediatrician Dr. Avril Beckford.

Thank you so much for joining us.

We've been talking about back to school issues.

One final thought that you could share? BECKFORD: Well, thank you.

I think the most important thing is that the students who do best are those where their parents partner with teachers and give them lots of love, lots of listening and keep the door open so that they know that they can ask questions at any time.

GUPTA: Good advice. And it gets to be a really busy time, so don't forget to show your kids some TLC, no question.

Well, that's all the time we have for today.

This is Weekend House Call.

Make sure to watch tomorrow's Weekend House Call, as well, when we answer your questions about the West Nile Virus, as this infection has spread from mosquitoes to humans picks up momentum, claiming hundreds of victims just this past week. Remember, this is the place for the answers to your medical questions.

Thanks for watching.

I'm Dr. Sanjay Gupta.

TO ORDER A VIDEO OF THIS TRANSCRIPT, PLEASE CALL 800-CNN-NEWS OR USE OUR SECURE ONLINE ORDER FORM LOCATED AT www.fdch.com







Aired August 16, 2003 - 08:30   ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
FREDRICKA WHITFIELD, CNN ANCHOR: Now time to focus on Weekend House Call, your kids, back to school and their health.
Sanjay Gupta is next.

DR. SANJAY GUPTA, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Good morning and welcome to CNN's Weekend House Call.

I'm Dr. Sanjay Gupta.

Well, it's that time of year again, time to buy a new backpack, sharpen those pencils and keep your fingers crossed that you get the teacher you want. It's time to head back to school. In the next 30 minutes, we hope to answer all your questions so you can give your youngsters a healthy start this year. It's mandatory viewing.

We'll be covering everything from lice to lunches. That sounds kind of appetizing.

So let's get started with some tips for parents.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

GUPTA (voice-over): As back to school time rolls around, it's the perfect opportunity to run a check on your child's health. Immunizing your child is one of the best ways a parent can protect a child from serious disease. Make sure your child's shots are up to date and get the paperwork because each state has its own vaccination requirements and schools can and will ask for proof.

DR. ROBERT WISKIND, PEDIATRICIAN: A child needs around 15 immunizations or shots to be completed by the time they enter school.

GUPTA: It's also a good time to schedule child's yearly physical. The appointment will likely include an examination of your child's eyes, ears, chest, lung, coordination, mobility and growth. Physicals can give you and your child the opportunity to address any specific concerns. So bring a list of questions and if your child is old enough, encourage him or her to make a list, as well.

WISKIND: We talk about their habits, their eating habits, sleeping habits, exercise, school.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Do we have a match?

UNIDENTIFIED CHILDREN: Yes! GUPTA: With a new school year, new classroom and new friends, comes exposure to new infectious diseases. Schools, like any other place where people are in close quarters, can be a breeding ground for viruses and bacteria. As a parent, one of the best ways to fight back is a simple one -- teach your kids to wash their hands often, before eating and after using the bathroom. Show them how to wash their hands properly and thoroughly.

WISKIND: It will prevent a large number of respiratory illnesses, colds, ear infections, sinus infections.

GUPTA: Another proactive back to school move for parents is to ensure a good night's sleep for your child. Start the early to bed, early to rise routine now. Experts also recommend creating a relaxing evening atmosphere and routine.

Also, limit that caffeine. What your child eats and drinks is also important. CDC statistics show that nearly 80 percent of young people do not eat the recommended five servings of fruit and vegetables every day. Talk to your child about making smart food choices in the cafeteria line and give that sack lunch a second look to make sure it's as healthy as it is tasty.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Nathan, point to the 12.

GUPTA: Back to school time, a perfect time to review the basics, ensure good health and plan for the future.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

GUPTA: All right, so how can you fuel your child's brain power? That's a question on a lot of people's minds. Well, the national PTA has a top 10 list, so with a nod to David Letterman, here we go.

Number 10, give your child plenty of time for creative play.

Number nine, make sure your kids get one hour of physical activity every day. We're going to talk more about that.

Number eight, engage your child in the cultural arts.

Number seven, set high, but also realistic, expectations.

Number six, dedicate time to your child's homework.

The number five way you can fuel your child's brain power is get involved with your child's school.

Number four, schedule regular checkups.

Number three, make sure your child gets nine to 10 hours of sleep every night.

Number two, feed your child breakfast every morning.

And the number one tip for fueling your child's brainpower, no surprise here, show your child lots of love and affection.

The PTA's list is based on decades of research and the tips are proven to increase children's learning abilities. But we still know you have lots of questions, so we want to hear from you. Call us at 1-800-807-2620. International charges may apply for overseas callers. Or e-mail us, housecall@cnn.com.

We're going to have lots of questions, so joining me today is one of -- is a pediatrician from right here in town, Dr. Avril Beckford.

She's been a pediatrician for about 15 years. And I should point out, as well, she has two children of her own, 15 and 13, so you're not only a doctor, but you're also a parent with, hopefully with lots of good tips today.

DR. AVRIL BECKFORD, PEDIATRICIAN: I hope so.

GUPTA: All right, thanks so much for joining us.

Let's get started right away with our first e-mail question. This comes from Missy in Louisiana, who asks, "How can I protect my children from head lice brought to school by other kids?"

And, you know, I saw that question, Dr. Beckford. Is that even really a problem that much anymore? BECKFORD: It is, Sanjay. And thank you so much, Missy, for asking that question.

The first thing you need to know is not to worry. Most of the time this is nothing that parents have done or students have done. It's just one of those things that happens in crowded environments.

So, be in touch with the school nurse. The schools communicate well if there is an outbreak. And check your children when they come home if you have a note from the school nurse that tells you that.

There are a number of products over the counter that are very good to help and so important is to follow those directions really closely, because it's the only way to get rid of head lice.

I hope that helps.

GUPTA: That's good advice, no question.

I'll tell you, as well, it's always confusing on the set because there's actually three cameras floating around here and you're actually on that camera over there. I'm sorry. BECKFORD: Sorry.

GUPTA: No problem. We'll just keep chatting along here.

We've got a phone caller coming in next now.

I do that all time, by the way. And I've been doing this for two years. BECKFORD: Well, then I'm in good company.

GUPTA: Laurie in Connecticut, welcome to House Call, Laurie.

LAURIE: Thank you.

GUPTA: Go ahead with your question please.

LAURIE: I have a 7, 10 and 13-year-old, and I was wondering if they should get the meningitis shot.

GUPTA: That's -- go ahead. BECKFORD: That's a very good question, Laurie.

The meningitis shot at the moment is recommended for college aged students, students who are going off to college for the first time. And that is the current recommendation. Basically, it's for anyone who is in a group situation. If students are going to dorms, for example, and that would include boarding school students, it's also a very good idea that they get the meningococcal shot.

It is important to know, however, that it only lasts for about three years. So you may need to have a booster after that time. Currently, not a recommendation for school age students, unless they're in a boarding establishment (UNINTELLIGIBLE).

GUPTA: Anybody that shouldn't get that shot, then? BECKFORD: No. I think it is certainly a recommendation. Everyone should speak to their pediatrician because sometimes immunizations contain products and preservatives that patients may be allergic to.

GUPTA: OK. BECKFORD: So always a good idea to have that one- on-one.

GUPTA: Yes, and we're going to talk a lot about immunizations, as well, because that's a big topic and there's all sorts of different immunizations. It gets a little confusing. And we're going to get to more of that. But first let's go to our next e-mail, which is from Erin in Boston. Her question is, "Every year when my daughter goes back to school, the colds start and don't stop until next summer. So how do you stop them before they even start?"

That happens to a lot of parents, right, a lot of kids? BECKFORD: Absolutely. And that's a wonderful question. One of the most important things we can teach our children is good hand washing, because touching the desk, touching faucets in the bathrooms are sure ways to contract common colds. And they're just part of school life. So good hand washing is essential. Good diet, healthy sleep and exercise certainly helps improve the immunity.

But I think that's a good tip, good hand washing in schools.

GUPTA: You know, it's funny, and I always talked about good hand washing, as well, and people always say is it as simple as that, just washing your hands? But it really is, both for children and adults, as well, right? BECKFORD: Absolutely. And a good example of that is that pediatricians see 30 to 40 patients a day. And most of us are rarely ill because we...

GUPTA: Your hands are dry, probably, from washing your hands so much? BECKFORD: They're very dry. Can you see that? GUPTA: That's right. BECKFORD: I wash my hands before and after every patient, at least. And it really helps.

GUPTA: I'm sure it does. BECKFORD: And it's essential.

GUPTA: Well, a lot more coming up.

Getting it right when it comes to backpacks. That's an important topic. Plus, are you packing a healthy meal to put in that Sponge Bob Square Pants lunchbox? I just learned what that was. Does your child know how to make smart food choices in the school cafeteria line? Don't panic, we'll continue cramming for back to school when we come back.

Keep those calls and e-mails coming. Our number, 1-800-807-2620. Our e-mail, housecall@cnn.com.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

GUPTA: All right, welcome back to CNN's Weekend House Call.

Here are some tips for developing healthy homework habits in school this year. Create an environment that's conducive to studying. A permanent spot in a youngster's bedroom or other part of the house that offers privacy is best, although not on the bed. Make sure your family is setting aside enough time each day for homework. The American Academy of Pediatrics also recommends turning off the television during homework time. Parents should be available to answer questions and offer assistance, but should never do a child's homework for him or her.

Pediatricians also say it's good to take a 10 minute break from homework every hour. That will keep the boredom away. That will also prevent eye fatigue, neck pain and headaches while studying.

Now, if your child is struggling with a particular subject and you can't provide the needed help, consider a tutor. But, of course, talk it over with your child's teacher first.

We've got the answers to your back to school questions. Please call us, 1-800-807-2620. Or e-mail your questions housecall@cnn.com.

We've just given you some homework tips. But what about those backpacks to carry the homework and the school books? We've got a pop quiz. Our Daily Dose Health Quiz asks, "How heavy can your child's backpack be and still be safe?"

We'll have the answer in 30 seconds.

Stay with us.

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GUPTA: All right, checking the Daily Dose Quiz, we asked, "How heavy can your child's backpack be and still be safe?" The answer is the backpack should never weigh more than 10 to 20 percent of the student's body weight. So if your first grader, for example, weighs about 45 pounds, his backpack can weigh up to four and a half to nine pounds. A middle school student who weighs about 90 pounds could carry nine to 18 pounds in his or her backpack.

All right, here are some more tips for using a backpack. Put heavier items closest to the center of the backpack. Organize the backpack to use all of its compartments. Always use both shoulder straps to prevent straining muscles.

And we actually have a backpack here to talk about this with Dr. Beckford, who is joining us again.

This is sort of a big deal because people don't think, you know, just a thing to carry books in. But it can cause all sorts of problems, right?

What do you look for? BECKFORD: It absolutely can. And thank you, this is such a good point to talk about.

The first thing is I like these thick and padded straps because it doesn't cut off the circulation. So you'd need to be sure that these straps are not too narrow. You want to use all the components of the bag so that the weight is easily distributed.

The most important thing you said, though, is the weight. If you have a child who's 100 pounds, they really should not carry a backpack that's more than about 20 pounds.

GUPTA: That's good advice. BECKFORD: And really some of the schools are so creative in having lockers and letting the children not carry too many books at one time.

GUPTA: I think that's good advice. BECKFORD: So I think that's so important.

GUPTA: Yes, and, you know, I should point out, as well, this one costs about $75. They do get pretty expensive, don't they? BECKFORD: They do, but there are some good options if you shop around.

GUPTA: All right. BECKFORD: One important thing, always ask the student to put both of the shoulder straps on.

GUPTA: Try it on. BECKFORD: What they tend to do now is to carry it over one shoulder.

GUPTA: Oh, right, right. BECKFORD: And that increases their risk for scoliosis and for muscle strain.

GUPTA: But it's so much more hip just to carry it over the one shoulder. BECKFORD: I know it looks more hip, but we'll have to introduce a new style of carrying, both shoulders.

GUPTA: All right. A new and safe style, good. We're taking phone callers, as you know, and we have a phone call coming in now, Louis from Louisiana.

Welcome to House Call, Louis.

LOUIS: Yes, thank you.

My question is my 8-year-old grandson refuses to eat breakfast. How can I encourage him to eat breakfast?

GUPTA: It's the most important meal of the day, right? BECKFORD: Absolutely. And, Louis, first of all, I'm so pleased that you're concerned, because every child should start the day off with breakfast. It's so key. There are some neat tricks. There are some nice milkshakes that are available commercially and at least that is better than going to school hungry or without a good start.

So just set a routine, make it a good social time, a good time to sit down with your grandson and talk and introduce a good milkshake before school in the morning.

GUPTA: A milkshake sounds good in the morning. BECKFORD: I think so.

GUPTA: Let me ask you something real quick on that topic, though. You know, childhood obesity is obviously a real problem. BECKFORD: Yes.

GUPTA: And breakfast is an important meal of the day. But what age is it OK for a child to go on a diet or start really watching what they eat? BECKFORD: That's a great question and I prefer not to use the word diet, but rather healthy choices. Right from the beginning, children should be taught to eat healthfully. I think it's a good idea to pack lunches if one's not entirely satisfied with what choices they may make at school. So pack lunch. It's extra nurturing and it's fun. And teach them to make low carbohydrate, low fat choices right from the beginning. It's really a way of life. And you're right, about 40 percent of our children in fourth grade are now a little overweight. And that's a problem.

GUPTA: Right. You're such a good mom. Packing a lunch is fun. That's good. BECKFORD: Well, I have to confess that I don't pack a lunch. But then they have healthy choices at my children's school. And so I'm very fortunate.

GUPTA: And we are going to talk more about that, because that is an important topic.

Let's go straight to another e-mail question, though, now. Liz from Michigan writes, "What kind of healthy alternatives would you suggest for a child who doesn't like lunch meat?"

So here we are again talking about, you know, lunch meat is obviously a very common thing that you find packed in a lunch. So what do you tell Liz? BECKFORD: I think it would be good to consider other protein sources, like yogurt. Yogurt is a great source. Cottage cheese with fruit, something substantial that's going to carry them through. And I think protein should be a part of every snack and every meal.

GUPTA: All right, good advice. Good advice. And we're going to talk a lot more about that, as well.

But besides the ABCs, there's another letter in the alphabet of special concern to students and parents, the ZZZs. Some answers to your sleep questions when Weekend House Call returns.

Stay with us.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

GUPTA: Welcome back to CNN's Weekend House Call.

I'm Dr. Sanjay Gupta.

Well, for many kids, back to school means a commute on the big yellow bus. And it's important for parents or review bus safety rules with your youngster. Some tips from the American Academy of Pediatrics include wait for the bus to stop before approaching it from the curb, stay seated and don't move around the bus, check to see that no other traffic is coming before crossing the street and make sure you always remain in clear view of the bus driver.

That's good advice, important advice. We were talking about, we're going to talk about some sleep this particular block, and we've got some e-mail questions coming in. Our first one from Billy in Texas. And the question is, "How much rest, on average, does each kid need at the age of 10 and 12?" And I'll say, this is a big topic not only for children, but for adults. You know, they say six hours, eight hours. But what about children as they're going to school? BECKFORD: Billy, thank you for asking that question. It's a great question. And it varies according to age. Your specific question is ages 10 to 12. And believe it or not, those children still need about 10 hours sleep a night. What is important to know is that there are some good studies showing a correlation between good academic performance and the number of hours of sleep. Also, as they get older, driving performance correlates to hours of sleep and the teenager needs about nine to 10 hours minimum. And ado a lower incidence of anxiety and depression in children who have regular sleep hours.

So, sleep is important. The kindergarteners actually need 10 to 12 hours of sleep. And it really helps them to function well. Also, not only sleep, but rest. I worry a little bit about the over scheduled child, the child who has too many activities. I think they need time to get down and play and just have fun with their parents, as opposed to always having scheduled sports or scheduled music.

So I guess in a nutshell, a balance is what we're looking for.

GUPTA: Right. I think that's obvious, and children need that balance. And getting that much rest is really important not only because of being well rested, but also performing well in school and all those sorts of things.

Another question on sleep, as well. We'll get right to that. Jeanne from California has another sleep question. She writes, "My 14-year-old daughter has a terrible time falling asleep. We have tried exercise, soft music, magnesium malonate and warm milk." They've tried just about everything. What do you tell someone like her? BECKFORD: It sounds like you've tried some very good things. Most important is that she should be getting in at least an hour's exercise a day. That really makes a difference to being able to sleep. There are some children who may need some extra help and there are some wonderful things out there. Perhaps even speaking with a sleep psychologist because truly without medications, there are a lot of things that once can do -- relaxation techniques, yoga, as I mentioned, exercise. And that tends to really help. And I think sometimes it's frustrating when adolescents can't fall asleep. And just knowing that there's help out there really does help.

GUPTA: It's not a good idea to slip your children some sleeping pills? BECKFORD: Absolutely. Really, to avoid the over the counter medications that help them sleep. It sends a really bad message and lots of side effects.

GUPTA: Yes, that's right. And Terry from Minnesota is on the phone.

Welcome to House Call, Terry.

TERRY: Good morning, doctors.

Two and a half years ago, I lost my only son to chicken pox at the age of 15. Over the course of his younger childhood, he was treated a lot with monoxycillin (ph) and antibiotics for ear infections and whatnot. I was wondering if that could possibly deplete his natural immune system and if they're going to mandate chicken pox vaccine for school aged children? BECKFORD: Thank you for asking that question and I'm very sorry about your son. I'm so sad to hear that. Actually, currently the recommendation is for all children to be immunized against chicken pox and although most children do well with it, this is exactly the situation that we're trying to avoid. If we can have all children uniformly immunized against chicken pox, it prevents the complications and the death, especially in the older children.

So I'm a great advocate of universal immunization.

And, once again, I'm so terribly sorry about your son. And thank you.

The other question you asked was about the antibiotics depleting immunity. We try very hard not to over utilize antibiotics. But it is unlikely that this actually affected immunity to the -- to fighting the viral infection, unless he had some other immune situation going on.

Once again, our thoughts are with you.

GUPTA: Yes, sorry about your loss, as well, Terry.

We're going to move on, though.

Will you make the grade in getting your kids back to school this year?

This is obviously a big topic on a lot of parents' minds. We'll have some tips for you. You're not going to want to miss these.

Stay with us on Weekend House Call.

(COMMERCIAL BREAK)

GUPTA: All right, well, welcome back to CNN's Weekend House Call.

I'm Dr. Sanjay Gupta here with pediatrician Dr. Avril Beckford.

Thank you so much for joining us.

We've been talking about back to school issues.

One final thought that you could share? BECKFORD: Well, thank you.

I think the most important thing is that the students who do best are those where their parents partner with teachers and give them lots of love, lots of listening and keep the door open so that they know that they can ask questions at any time.

GUPTA: Good advice. And it gets to be a really busy time, so don't forget to show your kids some TLC, no question.

Well, that's all the time we have for today.

This is Weekend House Call.

Make sure to watch tomorrow's Weekend House Call, as well, when we answer your questions about the West Nile Virus, as this infection has spread from mosquitoes to humans picks up momentum, claiming hundreds of victims just this past week. Remember, this is the place for the answers to your medical questions.

Thanks for watching.

I'm Dr. Sanjay Gupta.

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