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CNN Student News

Aired February 19, 2002 - 04:30   ET

THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.

THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
ANNOUNCER: You're watching "CNN STUDENT NEWS" seen in schools around the world because learning never stops and neither does the news.

MICHAEL MCMANUS, CO-HOST: Welcome to "CNN STUDENT NEWS" for Tuesday. First up, a look at Japan's economic woes. Then, we focus on educators who are teaching friendship. Coming up in our "Health Report," we go inside your head to discover the secrets in your brain. Later, Student Bureau finds out what it's like to bring you the news from some of the world's hot spots.

This is your "CNN STUDENT NEWS" for Tuesday. I'm Michael McManus.

U.S. President Bush kicks off his six-day visit to Asia. Mr. Bush met Monday with Japan's Prime Minister in Tokyo. The two leaders spoke of support for one another as Mr. Bush expressed confidence in Japan's economic reforms. Many U.S. officials are worried about the Japanese economy. It has spent a decade in the doldrums and unemployment is at a record high.

Our Joel Hochmuth will have more on that coming up. First, this report from John King.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

GEORGE W. BUSH, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: We're fighting evil.

JOHN KING, SR. WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): The U.S. president saluted Japan's support in the war on terrorism. And he brushed aside criticism from France and others, who say he appears to eager for a showdown with Iraq, Iran and North Korea.

BUSH: They should make no mistake about it that we will defend our interests. And I will defend the American people.

KING: But there was a noticeable change of tone. Mr. Bush stressed diplomacy is his first option, and he did not repeat the phrase, "axis of evil." Those words were viewed by many in Japan as too provocative. And Prime Minister Koizumi made clear his goal is normalized relations with North Korea. But he also said he took no offense to his guest's tough talk. JUNICHIRO KOIZUMI, JAPANESE PRIME MINISTER (through translator): The expression "axis of evil" I believe reflects the firm resolve of President Bush and the United States against terrorism. President Bush, I believe has been very calm and cautious vis-a-vis Iraq, Iran and North Korea.

KING: Mr. Bush returned the favor when talk turned to the struggling Japanese economy. The prime minister is falling in the polls and is having trouble selling his economic reform agenda.

BUSH: Sometimes it is not easy to get others to follow. But that's his job is to lead, and he knows that. And that's why I am -- one, I like him a lot, because I appreciate bold leadership. And, secondly, he is going to stay the course.

KING: The day's overriding goal was to present a picture of unity. Yabusame is a tradition that dates back to the sixth century. Back in November, the prime minister gave Mr. Bush a yabusame bow as a symbol of Japan's support in the war on terrorism. Not that everything went according to script.

(on camera): The yen dipped a bit against the dollar in currency markets after Mr. Bush said he had discussed devaluation with the prime minister. The White House rushed to say the president meant to say deflation not devaluation and was by no means voicing support for a weaker yen.

John King, CNN, Tokyo.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

JOEL HOCHMUTH, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): What a difference a decade makes. It was January 1992 when George Bush Sr. visited Japan, a trip most memorable for his bout with stomach flu. Then when the American economy was ailing, the administration was looking to Japan for relief, in particular, trade concessions to open its markets to American goods. This time around, Japan is looking for help from America.

JUNICHIRO KOIZUMI, JAPANESE PRIME MINISTER (through translator): Ten years ago when Japan perhaps was a little overconfident, today, Japan has lost confidence in itself.

HOCHMUTH: Prime Minister Koizumi is hoping President George W. Bush can help restore some of that lost confidence.

BUSH: I'm confident in this man's leadership ability. I'm confident in his strategy, and I'm confident in his desire to implement that strategy. And when he implements the strategy, it will help Japan's economy a lot.

HOCHMUTH: While the Japanese economy is still the world's second largest behind the U.S., after 10 years of recession and stagnation, it's lost the aura of invincibility that it once projected around the globe. Its unemployment rate stands at 5.6 percent, an all-time high, banks are saddled with billions of dollars in bad loans.

Adding to the woes is deflation, which means prices are falling. That may sound great for consumers, but it's bad for the economy because it encourages families to delay spending. It also means property values are dropping.

The slump is bad news for everybody, not just the Japanese, because they're spending less on imports and investing less around the world. So it's in America's best interest that the Bush administration finds a way to help Koizumi get the Japanese economy back on track.

Koizumi swept to power last year promising to make painful restructuring measures, including dismantling government bureaucracy and state-owned businesses. He has yet to deliver on most of the promises and his popularity is plunging. Experts say he's counting on Mr. Bush's visit to give him renewed momentum to push his reforms through Japan's parliaments.

PROFESSOR KEITH HENRY, SORINA UNIVERSITY: I think the message will be heard, but I think when you try to deal with the internal domestic politics of a particular country, particularly the -- a pork barrel type of politics that go on within any country, it's very, very difficult for a foreign leader to have an impact.

HOCHMUTH: For his part, Koizumi is promising new steps to tackle deflation and prevent a financial crisis, steps he's due to unveil by the end of the month. Experts say if he fails, he could well be forced out in favor of more conservative leadership.

Joel Hochmuth, CNN STUDENT NEWS.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

MCMANUS: Many schools have been under pressure lately to boost academic results, but a growing number of experts say we need to focus on another learning curve leaving children behind, social skills. As we'll learn, a child who's alone on a playground or a lunchroom may need as much help as a student who can't read.

Kathy Slobogin has our report.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

KATHY SLOBOGIN, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): It can be tough being nine, if you're left out, ignored and alone. The grownups don't necessarily know, and a child could give up on having friends. At Graham Elementary School in Naperville, Illinois, they think there's a better way. The principal here got tired of children coming in from recess too hurt and upset to learn.

SUE CLENDENING, SCHOOL PRINCIPAL: We have an obligation to teach kids academic subjects, yes, that's our main focus, but if a child is so upset that they can't learn, and it even has nothing to do with learning, if you love kids, you want to stop things that hurt kids. SLOBOGIN: Sue Clendening spends as much time tracking kids friendships as she does their grades. She says a growing body of research shows kids with poor social skills can become depressed, suicidal, or worse.

CLENDENING: They take it out and say, "I've had enough, I've had it, I'm going to get them now."

SLOBOGIN: Two years ago, Clendening decided to survey her students. In one grade, an astonishing 30 percent said they were often alone on the playground because no one wanted to play with them. Children were also asked to name three people who most need a friend.

CLENDENING: This child, 33 children said he needs a friend?

SLOBOGIN: Clendening says some kids wrote in their own names three times.

CLENDENING: Kids wrote, "Me, my name is," For most need a friend, number one. Number two, "me, my name is, " "Me, my name is," because they want a friend. People need friends.

SLOBOGIN: Clendening shared the survey information with her teachers, flagging lonely kids. Teachers began putting them in groups where they might make friends.

CLENDENING: You're going to make sure that you put that student in the most successful situation they can possibly be in. I'm going to call on that student when I know that they've got the right answer.

SLOBOGIN: The school started clubs for kids with similar interests who might not have found each other on their own.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Why do you think bullies act the way they do?

SLOBOGIN: Then there is the weekly lunch bunch, where shy children and more social children get together with a social worker, just to talk.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Maybe they just want friends, and they don't have any.

CLENDENING: I would like to say that social skills can be taught the same way math can be taught.

SLOBOGIN: If you ask the kids, they know what it means to be popular.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: They have a lot of friends, and they kind of really don't talk to the other people who are, like, a little bit, like, lower than them.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: When you're popular, people think you're rich, and you get good fashion, and you go to the good haircut places.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: They just are, like, perfect.

SLOBOGIN: They also know what it means to be friendless.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: You're so lonely, and you wish you had someone you could talk to.

SLOBOGIN: The kids know, we have found as much as six weeks before teachers know what's really going on in a classroom, who's getting picked on, who's getting left out.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Carla Garrity is the author of the book "Bully-Proofing Your School," where Clendening got a lot of her ideas. She says children themselves were the best source of information for her techniques.

(on camera): Does it work? Researchers looked at a suburban school where bully-proofing was put in place, and found that over four years, bullying behavior, like verbal and physical abuse and children being excluded, was cut in half.

(voice-over): Garrity says all it takes to turn a child's life around is one good friend.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Having just one friend in life is one of the best protective factors there is.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: If you have friends, then you can tell them like all your secrets and stuff.

SLOBOGIN: The kids here seem to embrace the focus on friends. They don't need an expert to tell them what it means.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Having friends makes you, like, really believe in yourself, and makes you all joyful and happy.

SLOBOGIN: Kathy Slobogin, CNN, Naperville, Illinois.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

MCMANUS: Well a recurring theme this week on the show is expression -- freedom of expression, artistic expression. Today, meet a man who makes his mark with his art. He started as a sculpture, but his lifelong dream was to be a painter. For the better part of a century, that's right a century, this artist has made a name for himself with ink and paper.

His career is on display right now in New York, and our Phil Hirschkorn pays a visit.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

PHIL HIRSCHKORN, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Name a major musical or play of the past 70 years, and Al Hirschfeld has drawn it and its stars. "Guys and Dolls," "West Side Story," "Peter Pan," "Rent." Hirschfeld and Broadway, synonymous since the 1930s. A performance mostly on the pages of the "New York Times." AL HIRSCHFELD, ARTIST: We just shook hands some 70 years ago, and I'm -- only two years ago they wanted a contract. And I said, "You must be kidding."

HIRSCHKORN: Hirschfeld is 98 years old and still working. Alone on the top floor of his Manhattan townhouse, Hirschfeld creates his art. Nearly 100 Hirschfeld works are on display in a retrospective at the Museum of the City of New York; the city his family moved to in 1914.

HIRSCHFELD: We arrived at Penn Station, took the Amsterdam Avenue streetcar to the end of the line. There was a little frame house with a top floor for rent. My mother went in and rented it; it was $4 a month. And all around were apple orchards.

HIRSCHKORN: In magazines and books, Hirschfeld chronicled the changing city. Sidewalk cafeterias, where people met for lunch. Night clubs, where bartenders stayed in business during prohibition. Couples, strolling the streets of Harlem. World War II soldiers at a dance. His breakthrough happened by accident. When Hirschfeld sketched a well-known French actor on a program, a friend got it published in a newspaper, and Hirschfeld drawing theater, was on his way.

Playwrights became friends. From Eugene O'Neill to Arthur Miller. Composers, like the Gershwins, his subjects.

HIRSCHFELD: Years ago, there would be maybe three or four openings in one night. Now it's lucky if we get two openings a month. I rarely agreed with the critics.

HIRSCHKORN: But he didn't tell them what to write, and they didn't tell him what to draw.

ANDREA HENDERSON FAHNESTOCK, CURATOR, MUSEUM OF CITY OF NEW YORK: I think to have been drawn by Al Hirschfeld is a huge feather in your cap.

HIRSCHKORN: Andrea Henderson Fahnestock is the show's curator.

HENDERSON FAHNESTOCK: Well I think his daughter was born in 1945, and shortly after her birth -- as kind of a joke really -- he put her into one of his drawings.

HIRSCHKORN: Nina (ph) became a signature. Hirschfeld, hiding her name in the lines of his drawings. Clueing in readers how many times the name was there.

HIRSCHFELD: I did it just to herald her appearance on this planet. And I had no ulterior motive in doing it. I didn't think anybody would notice it. And after a couple of weeks, I thought the joke wore thin and I left it out. And I started getting calls and telegrams from across -- from Alaska.

HIRSCHKORN: New York has been providing inspiration, from the subways to the hot dog stands to the World's Fair. The city's cultural icons, his focus. Stars of film, of television and the stage, whether that's Carnegie Hall or Broadway.

(on camera): The hardest thing isn't the execution for you, but it's making up your mind what personality trait you want to depict.

HIRSCHFELD: That's correct, yeah. A lot of them are like blotch. You know, they don't register.

HIRSCHKORN (voice-over): When we visited Hirschfeld, he was working in the same barber chair he's used since 1954. He was drawing the four women who star in the HBO sitcom "Sex and the City."

HIRSCHFELD: Well, a lot of editors want a little color in it. And recently it's changing. It always changes. You have to roll with the punches, you know.

HIRSCHKORN: Hirschfeld has no idea how many drawings he's done over the years; certainly, thousands. Retirement is not on his agenda. Both of his parents lived into their 90s. Staying active, he believes, is the key.

HIRSCHFELD: Yeah, I think longevity has to do with genes. But I do think it doesn't hurt to be -- I know that I would be bored if I didn't have anything that I was really interested in that I'm -- I work seven days a week and I love it.

HIRSCHKORN: Hirschfeld's past is on display, but he's not looking back.

HIRSCHFELD: I'm only interested in the present. You always feel that the drawing you're working on is the best drawing you've ever done. I think what I'm doing now is better than I did last week.

HIRSCHKORN: Phil Hirschkorn, CNN, New York.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

ONSCREEN: Birthdate of Copernicus, father of modern astronomy.

ANNOUNCER: Exploring our world, here now is "CNN STUDENT NEWS" "Perspectives."

MCMANUS: In our "Perspectives" segment today, a look at the group known as the Gullah. They are arguably the most authentic African-American community in the United States. Descendants of enslaved Africans who still practice many of the traditions handed down by their ancestors. The Gullah culture has been a staple of coastal South Carolina and Georgia for nearly 400 years.

Our Shelley Walcott visited the low country and put together this profile.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SHELLEY WALCOTT, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): St. Helena Island, a rural isolated spot, just off the coast of South Carolina. It is one of several tiny tidewater communities, as draped in moss as it is in history.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE (speaking in native tongue): (UNINTELLIGIBLE).

You don't have to go far on St. Helena to hear echoes of this small island's past. Most of the more than 9,000 people who live here are Gullah. They are the descendants of African slaves. West Africans imported in North America during the slave trade. West Africans imported into North America during the slave trade, a practice that began in the 16th century and continued for more than 300 years.

The Gullah are often referred to as a unique branch of the African-American family tree. As other Africans were transported to plantations throughout the south, the ancestors of the Gullah people were forced into labor along the coast, physically and symbolically isolated from other Africans.

Slaves in the low country marsh lands also lived separately from their white owners, who often retreated to their mansions in Charleston during the summer months. An isolation that allowed for the development of a culture unlike any other in the world.

Marquetta Goodwine, known to locals as Queen Quet, is a community leader.

QUEEN QUET, COMMUNITY ACTIVIST: Well, the main difference between Gullah Gichi people and mainstream African-Americans is (UNINTELLIGIBLE).

So many times you don't hear other people speak like we do, which is the Gullah language.

(UNINTELLIGIBLE).

WALCOTT: And it is that language, along with the traditional storytelling, cooking and crafts that continue to intrigue visitors to the Barrier Island, many of whom have never even heard of Gullah, a centuries' old culture.

QUET: From the time that our ancestors were enslaved here, most of us still live in that exact same location. And so, we can go to a graveyard, burial area, a sacred area, and put our hands on generations and generations of history.

WALCOTT: The story of the Gullah can be traced back to the year 1520. That's when a Spanish explorer named Vasques De Leon, found a cluster of islands off the coast of South Carolina. He named the island group Santa Helene. De Leon realized the marshes, climates and textures of the soil in Santa Helena, were very similar to conditions in West Africa.

This meant it would be possible to grow, among other things, rice, cotton, and spices in the Sea Islands. Goods which brought a high price on the European market. De Leon knew people from the West African country of Sierra Leone, and surrounding nations, were experienced in growing these crops.

In 1526, West Africans were brought to the Sea Islands against their will, a move that signalled the start of 335 years of slavery in the low country.

The Gullah people, also referred to as "Gichi" in some parts of the South, are the descendants of various African ethnic groups. Ashantes, Santes, Mandingos, Yorubas and many more.

Some scholars even believe the term "Gullah" comes from Angola, because so many slaves came from that country. The Africans were torn from their own flourishing cultures and forced to live together on plantations in the New World.

QUET: As our elders always tell us, "them that made them for evil, for God made them for good." So when they put us on the islands, they thought it would break us apart and only force us to assimilate into whatever the Europeans wanted us to do. But instead, we joined together and put together all those languages, all the spiritual practices, all that knowledge. And then evolved the Gullah Gichi culture.

WALCOTT: A modern culture, earmarked with African traditions. It is seen in Gullah arts and crafts. You don't have to go far in the low country to find someone weaving sweet grass baskets, a 1,000-year- old sifting tool first used in the cultivation of rice.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I learned from my grand aunt at the age five...

WALCOTT: Weavers coil the baskets from bull rush, or sweet grass, and strips of palmetto leaves. Using nothing more than a spoon handle or, sometimes, even a piece of bone.

Then there is the Gullah food. Like most Southern fare, it is African influenced, including such staples as seafood, okrah, peanuts, hot peppers and rice.

ELIZABETH SANTAGATI, GULLAH OROB RESTAURANT: One of the things that I found interesting when I went to visit with the Sierra Leone embassy in Washington, D.C., was the fact that rice, red rice, very similar or very much the same as we eat, is one of the staples that they eat in Sierra Leone all the time.

WALCOTT: And there is the Gullah storytelling. Tales of lazy elephants, smart monkeys and cruel masters, an oral tradition making a comeback, as the Gullah people feel renewed pride in speaking the language.

But perhaps most striking of all is the Gullah language. It is the only surviving English-based Creole in North America. It is spoken very quickly and very rhythmically. Difficult to understand, even for people who grew up around it.

No one knows exactly how many African-Americans around the country can trace the roots to the Gullah culture. But those who remain in the low country say their roots are firmly planted, and that Gullah culture will always be a part of life in the low country.

QUET: We have no intention of going anywhere. We intend to be right here on the Sea Islands forever and ever, just like our ancestors wanted us to do.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

MCMANUS: Despite the long history of the Gullah people in the U.S., the community is facing some major problems. Tomorrow, a closer look at how modern day issues are disrupting a centuries' old culture. And for more on the Gullah, head to our Web site, CNNstudentnews.com.

There's a lot about yourself you probably don't know. Your brain is a powerful and mysterious part of the human body, and now doctors are finding out the brain holds clues to certain mental disorders. With this new information, doctors now say the best defense might be a good offence.

Marina Colby explains.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

MARINA COLBY, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Imagine a world with more successful people, happier families and less violence. The technology to make that possible is available, according to neuroscientist Daniel Amen. He says it's even a great way to scrutinize potential love interests.

DANIEL AMEN, NEUROSCIENTIST: Sort of like in the movie "Meet the Parents" where the father like gives the potential son-in-law a polygraph, well this is much better, you can actually see brain function.

COLBY: Dr. Amen is one of a handful of psychiatrists who uses a nuclear imaging scan to analyze blood flow in the brain.

(on camera): Dr. Amen has scanned more than 12,000 brains. His research shows the makeup of your brain can significantly impact your behavior. By looking at a brain image, he can see the parts of the brain that work well, too hard or not hard enough and then more accurately prescribe an effective treatment.

(voice-over): Other types of brain scans just show what the brain looks like. He says that's like trying to figure out what's wrong with a car without checking the engine.

AMEN: In psychiatry you go to the doctor and you say I'm depressed or I have problems with my temper and the doctor will then give you a diagnosis and some medicine without ever popping the hood.

COLBY: Dr. Amen uses brain imaging to help everyone from difficult teenagers to people who are having marriage problems.

AMEN: A lot of people who get divorced have brain problems and nobody's aware of it. If you go to a marital therapist, and you may go to five marital therapists and no one will ever think about brain function. But what we have found is that when your brain works right, you work right.

COLBY: Dr. Amen analyzes brain activity, indicated by the red areas. He scanned my brain and found the red area in the back means I'm coordinated, the smaller red area on the side indicates intuition.

This is a scan of someone with too much brain activity. The person is aggressive, moody and inflexible.

Here's my healthy brain compared to the brain of someone who's a heavy drinker. The areas that look like holes are reduced blood flow. That means that part of the brain is not working properly. It only takes a few years of drinking, smoking or drugs to cause real damage.

This is the brain of a teenager who shot 22 people. He has got decreased activity in the left temporal lobe, which studies show is linked to violence. Dr. Amen says diagnosing brain problems early might be a key to reducing violent behavior. He prescribes treatments like medication, counseling and exercise because exercise increases blood flow to the brain.

AMEN: Your brain is very important and you need to keep it healthy. And when it's abnormal, medicine helps, but your life helps as well.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

ANNOUNCER: It seems Americans are not listening to the age old advice, eat your fruits and veggies. Consumption of fruits and vegetables have remained almost the same for the last five years, about five servings a day but that number includes French fries, potato chips and even fruit flavored candy. Fruits and vegetables help prevent diseases like cancer and strokes and studies show they can lower the risk of heart disease.

MCMANUS: Many professions come with risks. We often hear stories about firefighters, police officers and military officials who risk their lives or are killed in the line of duty. Nowadays, many jobs once considered safe, come with dangers.

Our CNN Student Bureau looks at the risks and challenges journalists sometimes face to get the news.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

COURTNEY SUVERY, CNN STUDENT BUREAU (voice-over): Being a journalist can be difficult and even dangerous, especially for journalists covering world conflicts. Seremb Gjergi is a reporter in Kosovo, where hundreds of thousands of natives were forced to flee their homeland upon the invasion of the Serbs several years ago.

SEREMB GJERGI, KOSOVO REPORTER: I got beaten from Serbs in northern part of Mitrevitsa, me and my cameraman, and that -- but we managed to save the film and the story to broadcast in the evening.

SUVERY: Not only must reporters stay safe and avoid becoming victims themselves, they also face another troublesome and frustrating task.

GJERGI: Equipment is -- it's a challenging thing because you have to have -- you have one camera, that means a crew, whole crew, and there are three crews using the same equipment. So one guy lifts it and everything, you have to do it fast, in time so we can manage to achieve something.

SUVERY: Gjergi reports for print and broadcast companies that do not have adequate equipment. He says such is the case in many underdeveloped nations. Computer connections are not reliable, videotape and camera equipment are hard to find and getting cooperative, reliable sources while maintaining a professional journalism standard is just as tough.

SHIMRRI M. AL-ARAIMI, REPORTER: The aim is to be fair and to reach -- you know to make -- to give a reasonable and balanced story to your audience. So for that it's not easy.

SUVERY: Sometimes the risks reporters take end up being deadly. Journalist Miguel Gill was shot and killed by a rebel ambush while covering a war in Sierra Leone. Gill was known for his courage and willingness to cover dangerous conflicts.

Despite the challenges, limitations and even dangers of being a journalist, most journalists say it can be a rewarding job.

GJERGI: I love my work. I'm glad that I do the work that I do.

SUVERY: In the United States alone, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that more than 64,000 people are performing careers in journalism. In spite of the risk involved, that number is growing.

Courtney Suvery, CNN Student Bureau, Atlanta.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ONSCREEN: "Where in the World?"

Legal voting age 20.

Among the world's largest producers of motor vehicles.

Terrain is rugged and mountainous.

Can you name this country?

Japan.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

MCMANUS: President Bush would have certainly answered today's "Where in the World" quiz, wouldn't he have? His trip continues overseas. Please stay with CNN for that. In the meantime, check our Web site for more on the stories discussed today, including all of my reports from Salt Lake City and the 19th Winter Olympics.

Well that just about does it for today. Have a good one. We'll see you tomorrow.

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