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CNN 10
CNN Student News
Aired March 12, 2002 - 04:34 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
(JOINED IN PROGRESS)
GEORGE W. BUSH, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: ... Afghanistan, and there will be other battles beyond that nation.
JOEL HOCHMUTH, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): What the president did not do was commit American troops to future military action against specific unwilling targets. He did, though, point out the Philippines, the Republic of Georgia and Yemen as nations welcoming U.S. military advice and training.
BUSH: We will not send the American troops to every battle, but America will actively prepare other nations for the battles ahead. This mission will end when the work is finished, when terror networks of global reach have been defeated.
HOCHMUTH: No matter what form any future U.S. military action takes, the president is promising ultimate victory.
BUSH: Every nation should know that, for America, the war on terror is not just a policy, it's a pledge. I will not relent in this struggle for the freedom and security of my country and the civilized world.
(APPLAUSE)
BUSH: And we'll succeed.
HOCHMUTH: Even as President Bush wrapped up his remarks, investigators continued their hunt for clues into the terrorist attacks that provoked the U.S. into action in the first place.
For more on that investigation, we go to Susan Candiotti.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
SUSAN CANDIOTTI, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): We know who hijacked the planes, the 19 men who turned airliners into flying bombs, but six months later, the man overseeing the government's 9-11 task force admits there are still holes in the case.
MICHAEL CHERTOFF, ASSISTANT ATTORNEY GENERAL: We may never know everybody who participated, but actually I'm encouraged by the fact that as we have pulled together, information that comes globally to us, we've filled in more and more of the pieces of the puzzle.
CANDIOTTI: Among the pieces, investigators are convinced the plan was hatched and brainstormed mostly in Western Europe and Malaysia, financed by Mid East sources, executed by terrorists trained in Osama bin Laden's al Qaeda camps and at U.S. flight schools, a plot carried out with remarkable secrecy.
But in the last six months, only one person directly linked to the attacks has been charged in the U.S., Frenchman Zacarias Moussauoi.
JOHN ASHCROFT: U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL: Moussauoi is charged with undergoing the same training, receiving the same funding and pledging the same commitment to kill Americans.
CANDIOTTI: But who else was involved? Investigators believe hijacking ringleader Mohammed Atta's former roommate in Hamburg, Germany, Ramzi bin al-Shibh, was a paymaster. He and others have been charged as co-conspirators on international warrants, but...
CHERTOFF: We don't know if they're dead or alive, whether they're buried in the rubble in Afghanistan.
CANDIOTTI: Or whether unknown 9-11 confederates are hiding in plain sight.
After September 11, America also found itself vulnerable to biological warfare. The anthrax letter attacks have stopped, but the FBI appears no closer to capturing the killer who claimed five lives and terrorized a nation.
ROBERT MUELLER, FBI DIRECTOR: I will tell you that we have no one person specifically that stands out above others at this juncture.
CANDIOTTI: What does stand out is frustration, trying to solve both the anthrax and September 11 attacks. The FBI determined to get answers, unable to predict when that might be.
Susan Candiotti, CNN, Washington.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
MICHAEL MCMANUS, CO-HOST: The attacks in September caused an immediate crackdown on security around the world. In the U.S., President Bush created the Cabinet-level Office of Homeland Security to coordinate resources and handle safety issues.
CNN's Jeanne Meserve looks at the current status of America's war on terrorism by taking a look back in history.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: But this is a new kind of war.
BUSH: This is a different war from any our nation has ever faced.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Today's battle lines are at once very far away and yet nearer to our homes than ever before.
BUSH: And this is a war that must be fought not only overseas but also here at home.
JEANNE MESERVE, CNN CORRESPONDENT: Language is not the only parallel between civil defense in World War II and homeland security today. The actions, the concepts, even the people in some ways are similar.
RANDY LARSEN, ANSER INSTITUTE: Mark Twain said history doesn't repeat itself but it does rhyme.
MESERVE (voice-over): For instance, back in 1941, President Franklin Roosevelt tapped New York Mayor Fiorello LaGuardia to head up homeland defense. Sixty years later, President Bush turned to another popular politician for the job.
TOM RIDGE, U.S. HOMELAND SECURITY DIRECTOR: There are some historical references for vesting in someone the responsibility to do a better job of coordinating and pushing America in a direction -- in a strategic direction to win a war. We're in a different kind of war, but really the challenges of the office are very much the same.
MESERVE: The same sort of targets have to be protected.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The railroads, the shipping docks, the strategic highways and bridges.
BUSH: Our transportation systems, our food and water systems and our critical infrastructure.
MESERVE: In World War II there was a color-coded alert system.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Then the red signal. Siren switches are thrown.
MESERVE: Tom Ridge is talking about a color-coded warning system again today.
Citizens were mobilized in the Second World War.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: These are the minutemen of civilian defense.
MESERVE: And citizens are being asked again to play a part.
JOHN ASHCROFT, U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL: Citizens are a vital part and this administration has understood that from the beginning.
MESERVE: World War II unleashed new threats that required new strategies. Terrorism is having the same effect.
PETER ROMAN, ANSER INSTITUTE: One of the greatest analogies is the fact that we are undergoing a conceptual change of how we think about our security and what that incorporates.
MESERVE: Changes in strategic thinking revolutionized government in the years after World War II.
LARSEN: We didn't get a Central Intelligence Agency until 1947, didn't get an Air Force until 1947, the Secretary of Defense, a Department of Defense, National Security Council. We won the war, we learned a lot of lessons. And then we created a new organization that pretty much led us through the Cold War, and I can argue, reasonably successfully.
MESERVE: Larsen predicts the war on terror will produce a similar transformation. But one comparison cannot yet be made, the U.S. won that war, this one isn't over.
Jeanne Meserve, CNN, Washington.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
SUSAN FREIDMAN, CO-HOST: Adults weren't the only ones affected by the events of six months ago. At P.S. 31 in Brooklyn, students witnessed the destruction firsthand. The kids were left scared and shaken. For school officials, the problem was how do we help our students heal. The solution was, as Maria Hinojosa found out, creative and cathartic for everyone involved.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
MARIA HINOJOSA, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): The window guards in this sixth grade class are supposed to protect the children, but they couldn't close off what the children would see on September 11.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Yes, I was so scared. We saw it like right there.
HINOJOSA: Six months later, the memories remain fresh. How do you forget seeing a plane slam into the towers?
GIOVANNI CASTILLO, SIXTH GRADER: It like really hurt. It's like somebody did something to you. It's like punched you in the stomach or something. It's like it really hurt.
HINOJOSA: There is no simple medicine for this kind of pain.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I remember on September 11 watching the plane crash into the tour. My eyes hurt just thinking about it.
HINOJOSA: So for these kids, there was therapy with video.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Peace and love can bring you beyond your prejudices. Do not judge anyone by their looks.
HINOJOSA: Therapy by touching, meditating,...
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: And to be searching for the place where we hold the memory of September 11 in our bodies.
HINOJOSA: ... guided by the Children's Movement for Creative Education. We got some of the kids together to see the video of themselves.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I will be aware that I am a loving girl ,and I should share my love with others.
HINOJOSA: They saw themselves transformed from voiceless victims of September 11 to children who had a right to speak.
TABATHA MCGURR, SIXTH GRADER: They made me feel kind of like somebody wanted to hear from me. And because children -- they're not adults yet so a lot of adults don't like really want to hear from them if, you know, they're that kind of adult. But the people that are helping us now, they like -- they want to -- it's the total like opposite, they want to hear what we want to say and they want us to tell them this so that they can help us.
HINOJOSA: In midtown Manhattan their art work is on exhibit for more adults to see, postcards to strangers asking them to come back and visit New York City.
(on camera): There might be some people who say you know having the kids draw and write postcards, think about it, talk about it, make videos, you know, maybe don't force the kids to do so much.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Well it's better if you express it because it lets all of that -- all of those emotions out because it's like not happy emotions or anything, It's like dark emotions that are like enclosing you so it's better if you actually write about it and talk about it.
HINOJOSA (voice-over): Children forced in these times to learn life lessons.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: In class they told me that like it isn't -- you can't be afraid of everything. You can't live like looking over your shoulder all the time. You can't be paranoid and that it's probably not going to happen to you, it won't happen to you, that it's OK.
HINOJOSA: Children, like all of us, moving forward step by step.
Maria Hinojosa, CNN, New York.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
ONSCREEN: March 12, 1912, the Girl Scouts are founded in Savannah, Georgia.
ANNOUNCER: Exploring our world, here now is "CNN STUDENT NEWS" "Perspectives."
MCMANUS: Mystical, magical, majestic, all of these words have been used to describe the ancient Incan city of Machu Picchu. Even today, it is a popular destination that draws travelers to Peru. But how much is actually known about the remote village?
Our Janice McDonald takes a look.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
JANICE MCDONALD, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): When you round the bend of the mountain pass, nothing prepares you for the breathtaking view before you. The ancient city of Machu Picchu located in the mountains on the verge of an Amazonian rain forest is considered one of the most sacred places of the Incas. It was virtually hidden from the outside world until 1911 when explorer Hiram Bingham was led there by farm workers. This is what he saw, the city covered with centuries of growth.
Roxanna Dubrill's grandfather was the last private owner of the lands where the mountain stands.
ROXANNA DUBRILL NUNEZ, DIRECTOR, INKA MUSEUM: In this document, we can find that he sold him all this farm but it was not included in the selling, oh let me see, here, Article No. 50 says that I'm selling this farm named Mapinty (ph), but I'm not selling Machu Picchu, (UNINTELLIGIBLE) Picchu.
You still consider books of Hiram Bingham that says that he met in Machu Picchu when he first came with two persons that were working that were cultivating and they were cleaning up the forest of the terraces of our culture. Those were the employees of my great- grandfather in that moment.
MCDONALD: While Bingham was given credit for discovering Machu Picchu, Peruvians say they knew it was there all along. He was just the first tourist. There is evidence it was used for farming long after it was abandoned as a city and was most likely deserted before the conquistadors arrived in Peru.
While there are no written accounts regarding visits by Spaniards to Machu Picchu, Dubrill disputes the long held claims that Spaniards didn't know it existed in the 16th century.
NUNEZ: We know that Machu Picchu was the farm of the Inca Pachucutec, the most important emperor that we have in our Inca's history. After that, during the Colonial time, we have that it belonged to one of the Pizzaros as a farm. After that, it was sold to some other Spaniard.
MCDONALD: Also in dispute is why the city was built in the first place. Bingham called it a citadel and believed it to be a fortress, but it was more likely a religious outpost. Its location is considered a spot for great spiritual energy, surrounded on three sides by the Urubamba River, at the end of the sacred valley and close to several sacred mountain peaks.
NUNEZ: This is a holy place. There are many temples. It's like to be concentrated, you know, here the powers, the energies of all our deities beginning things with Akocha (ph), you know, which is the creator of the world. MCDONALD: There is the Temple of the Sun, the Temple of the Condor, the Temple of Three Windows. This rock above what was the principle temple, is called the hitching post of the sun where the Incas would ritually tie the sun on the winter solstice to bring the sun back for the next year.
The city was divided into two parts, the urban area and the agricultural area, both engineering marvels.
ERIC BIKIS, HYDROLOGIST: I think some of the cities in America today aren't as well planned as this one.
MCDONALD: Eric Bikis is a water engineer from the United States. He's studying the hydraulic engineering the Incas used to provide water to the city.
BIKIS: Well, we know it now, but the Tias (ph) they knew it then. This city was designed around the elevation of a spring, which is in the hillside of Machu Picchu, and the elevations for the 16 fountains that are laid out in the city were based upon the elevation of that spring.
MCDONALD: One theory about the abandonment of Machu Picchu is that the spring dried up and the people were forced to move on. Other theories include that illness killed off the inhabitants or that someone brought shame to the settlement so everyone had to leave.
(on camera): There are 216 buildings here in Machu Picchu, and archeologists estimate that at the city's height about 600 people lived here. But they also say that the city was inhabited for less than 60 years.
(voice-over): When the occupants left, they left behind very few clues about their existence, just the lasting mystery of the true story behind their amazing city.
Janice McDonald, "CNN NEWSROOM," Machu Piccu, Peru.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
MCMANUS: Our Incan adventure continues in cyberspace. Log on to CNNstudentnews.com and take a virtual hike on the Inca trail to Machu Picchu. Plus, create your own travel brochure.
Also, while you're there, hit the play button and watch CNN Student Bureau's one-on-one interview with Peruvian President Alejandro Toledo. That's something you'll find only on the Web so check it out.
ONSCREEN: Chocolate is made from the seeds of the cacao tree.
MCMANUS: Now speaking of ancient South American civilizations, did you know the Myans established the earliest known cocoa plantation in 600 A.D.? Fast forward to our body conscious culture where chocolate is considered one of life's guilty pleasures. A sweet treat most people assume is bad for their health, but new research shows certain types of chocolate may actually be good for you.
Liz Weiss has more.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
LIZ WEISS, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Waterfalls of chocolate, and hand-made confections make Harbor Sweets in Salem, Massachusetts look like a scene from "Willy Wonka's Chocolate Factory."
PHYLLIS LEBLANC, OWNER, HARBOR SWEETS: They're made with only the finest ingredients. The chocolates are all packaged by hand individually, and so you're giving a very special gift when you give our chocolates.
WEISS: But that special gift can leave some people feeling guilty.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: I try not to eat it every day, but I'd like to.
WEISS (on camera): Now, you said that you prefer the dark chocolate.
(voice-over): Chris Kilham, author of "Psyche Delicacies" says a daily dose of chocolate can be a heart-healthy indulgence.
CHRIS KILHAM, AUTHOR: The actual cocoa beans themselves from which chocolate is made are loaded with compounds called polyphenols. They're very powerful antioxidants.
WEISS: Polyphenols, also found in fruits, vegetables and red wine, are powerful because they help to prevent the bad LDL cholesterol from damaging artery walls.
(on camera): But before you go out and devour an entire box of cream filled truffles, it's important to remember the message of moderation when it comes to reaping the health benefits of chocolate.
(voice-over): To satisfy your sweet tooth without going overboard, mix antioxidant-rich cocoa powder with low fat milk for a cup of hot cocoa. Choose a small amount of dark chocolate. It has twice the amount of antioxidants as milk chocolate. Select mini-sized chocolates instead of big bars. And limit chocolate brownies and other gooey desserts, rich in fat and calories.
As for chocolate's bad rap for causing migraine headaches and acne, chocolate appears to be off the hook on both counts.
KILHAM: The acne issue has to do with women approaching their periods, eating chocolates, getting pimples and saying, it's the chocolate that did it. No, it's the hormones.
WEISS: And if you're wondering whether chocolate is really an aphrodisiac, well, research shows that it just may be. It turns out that a substance in chocolate called P.E.A. is the same chemical that your brain produces when you're in love.
For "Feeling Fit," I'm Liz Weiss.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
FREIDMAN: Samoas, Tagalongs, Thin Mints, do you know what I'm talking about? Of course, these are all different types of Girl Scout Cookies. The Girl Scout Organization was founded 90 years ago today. There are nearly four million scouts across the United States, and they do a lot more than just sell cookies.
Our CNN Student Bureau has this report.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
NICOLE BRADY, CNN STUDENT BUREAU (voice-over): Brownies selling cookies, that's how most people picture Girl Scouts. But picture this, young women setting aside their time and setting an example for up and coming Scouts. High schoolers, like those in Troop 7, make up only 10 percent of the Mile High Council. Not all scouts make it to senior status, but the ones that do say it's worth the work.
KRISTIN BIALICK, AGE 16: We get a lot more freedom and it's -- we get kind of the responsibilities. Instead of just, you know, having it organized for us, we get to organize it.
BRADY: One of their biggest events so far, Australia night. Troop 7 will be traveling to Australia this summer. And since the younger girls can't go on the big trips, the older girls are determined to bring some of the outback to the mainland. The hard work has paid off, and everyone is getting out of it what they put into it.
(on camera): For the younger girls, it's all fun and games, but some of the older girls say it can be difficult to juggle Girl Scouts with other involvements like school.
KATE MORLEY, AGE 16: It takes a little scheduling sometimes, a little bit of late homework, but not bad.
SARAH WALKER, AGE 17: A lot of girls during their separate sport seasons or band seasons or whatever sometimes don't come to all the meetings.
MEGHAN GEBAUER, AGE 17: Basically you get to pick and choose. You go to which ones you're interested in and when you have time I guess.
BRADY (voice-over): Fortunately their troop leaders understand the girls' busy schedules.
LEZLIE WRIGHT, GIRL SCOUT TROOP LEADER: It shouldn't be a job or a huge commitment or even that serious, but a social, safe place where you can just be yourself.
BRADY: And for these girls, it's about more than just cookies. Nicole Brady, CNN Student Bureau, Boulder, Colorado.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
ONSCREEN: "Where in the World?"
Largest U.S. producer of peanuts, pecans and peaches.
Home to the Okefennokee Swamp.
Named after King George II of England.
Can you name this state?
Georgia, U.S.A.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
FREIDMAN: Take a look back on September 11 with us at our Web site, CNNstudentnews.com. There you'll find stories and pictures of tragedy and survival.
MCMANUS: And from our Web site to New York now where last night two twin beams of light shot up through the night sky as a remembrance to those lost on 9/11. It's a simple light that speaks differently to everyone.
And finally today, a witness to the horror of last September speaks through her poetry.
FREIDMAN: Penny Kagan is a published poet and writing a poem helped her through this tragedy.
MCMANUS: We leave you now with Penny's words in her own voice.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
PENNY KAGAN, POET: September 11th. I could tell you what it was like to be there, the sky black with bodies, humanity colluding with gravity, people jumping in pairs link lives spent working together. In towers so tall it must have felt like heaven to sit at a desk and watch the city transform with the light of the seasons.
The moment sealed windows were liberated with office furniture, the moment of shattered glass when doomed colleagues linked hands and decided to jump, the early fall air washed with morning coolness. They escaped from the rattling of downtown, suffocating smoke, the heat. To be a witness to all this on the ground, not quite safe, but spared from all but the watching.
Yes, I could tell you what it was like, but that would require the crafting of a narrative from the singed paper raining down like confetti, the sky blackened with terrorist graffiti, the tower stricken and then stricken again. The dark shadows erased from the sky. My clothes soaked with dust and ash. That gorgeous autumn day, the kind that makes late August bearable because of the promise of its crisp breath and the light, the pure sweet morning light of September 11th, the event that I could speak of if there was something here to say.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
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