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CNN 10
CNN Student News
Aired May 31, 2002 - 04:30 ET
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.
ANNOUNCER: You're watching CNN STUDENT NEWS seen in schools around the world because learning never stops and neither does the news.
SUSAN FRIEDMAN, CNN CO-HOST: The week winds down as things heat up in the conflict over Kashmir. There's also a storm brewing on the weather front as we make our way into hurricane season. Later in the program, we get a fresh perspective on the treatment of depression. And we'll examine the issue of civil liberties in the post-9/11 America.
Welcome to your Friday and this edition of CNN STUDENT NEWS. I'm Susan Friedman.
The conflict between India and Pakistan over the disputed Kashmir region escalates sparking an urgent new round of U.S. diplomacy. President Bush announced yesterday that he's sending Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld to the region next week in hopes of pushing the two nations away from the brink of war. Pakistan is talking about moving troops from the Afghanistan border to beef up its forces at the Indian border and that's part of the reason the White House is calling for restraint from India and Pakistan.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
GEORGE W. BUSH, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES: We are making it very clear to both Pakistan and India that war will not serve their interests. And we're a part of an international coalition applying pressure to both parties, particularly to President Musharraf. He must stop the incursions across the Line of Control. He must do so. He said he would do so. We and -- we and others are making it clear to him that he must live up to his word.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
FRIEDMAN: Meanwhile, Pakistani President Pervez Musharraf says confrontation will be a last resort.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
GENERAL PERVEZ MUSHARRAF, PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN: I think all that I can do is to give my own assurance that we will try to avoid conflict. It will be my utmost endeavor to avoid conflict, and I've been saying that all along, that conflict will only take place here if it is initiated by India. We will not be the initiators. This is my guarantee.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
FRIEDMAN: Officials say India has begun work and preparation for loading medium-range missiles with conventional warheads. Many fear that could provoke nuclear neighbor Pakistan.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
DONALD RUMSFELD, U.S. SECRETARY OF DEFENSE: What you have is two countries, each of which has a great many conventional forces and nuclear power as well. And it's in their interests as much as anybody's. It's the millions and millions and millions of people who live in those two countries who would be damaged by a conflict.
(END VIDEO CLIP)
FRIEDMAN: So what's the probability of such a high stakes confrontation?
Suhasini Haider has some perspective on the volatile situation.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
SUHASINI HAIDER, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Shelling at the border between India and Pakistan, a million men mobilized on both sides, two sides with tested nuclear capabilities and delivery systems. If war indeed breaks out, it will probably begin with conventional forces, air strikes and ground troops. The fear, a nuclear conflagration could follow.
A Pentagon study just released says nuclear strikes by India and Pakistan on the most likely targets could kill up to 12 million instantly and injure 7 million.
(on camera): There aren't enough hospitals in Asia to handle the casualties from a nuclear exchange. There are no nuclear shelters here, no emergency procedures in place. The world would have to pitch in to help the two countries pick up the pieces.
(voice-over): Experts here do say that nuclear war between Indian and Pakistan is unlikely and improbable. Both countries have developed their nuclear capabilities only as deterrents and have never used them, even in a border conflict three years ago.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: And just because two countries now have nuclear ordnance in the inventory they're going to start lobbing it at each other, doesn't make sense.
HAIDER: Even so, most admit a nuclear strike can't be ruled out.
India outranks Pakistan in every conventional force. Pakistan's army has about 600,000 men. India has at least 1.1 million. India's navy and air force are also larger than Pakistan's. Their powers could compare only in their declared nuclear capabilities. India says it won't be the first to use nuclear weapons in a war with Pakistan. Pakistan says for it to give such an assurance would mean giving away its edge.
MUNIR AKRAM, PAKISTAN AMBASSADOR: If those of us who ask that we commit ourselves to non-first use of nuclear weapons, they are asking us in fact to accept the use of force by India.
HAIDER: If no force is used the nuclear question won't come up. But as long as the two armies are on high alert with frequent firing across the border, their nuclear arsenals will be a cause for alarm worldwide.
Suhasini Haider, CNN, New Delhi.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
FRIEDMAN: The hurt remains, but most of the debris from the World Trade Center's towers is finally gone. Clean up ended earlier this week and was marked by a ceremony yesterday. Thousands of people gathered to remember the fallen as the tolling of a fire bell and somber tones of bagpipes and "Taps" filled the air.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
(FIRE BELL TOLLING)
(END VIDEO CLIP)
FRIEDMAN: The ground where the towers once stood likely won't remain vacant forever. Whether it's a memorial or a new building, something will be built.
CNN's Maria Hinojosa looks at the possibilities.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
MARIA HINOJOSA, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): We have seen this site transformed. It's been called ground zero, the site, the pile, the pit, and now a new phase begins.
LOUIS TOMSON: Today it's an opportunity to pay homage to the people who lost their lives here and the survivors and the rescuers and also a chance to build a good thing.
HINOJOSA: A good thing for a community that has been so badly wounded. The recovery has been slow, and neighborhood scars remain. And for the site itself, nearly two million tons of debris hauled away.
(on camera): So when you look at this and you think about possibilities, there's sadness, but there's also?
T.J. GOTTISDIENER, SKIDMORE, OWNINGS & MERRILL LP: A lot of promise. A lot of hope. A lot of anticipation. This is going to be great. Whatever is done, whoever does it, it's got to be done right. It's got to build that infrastructure back so that from that rises great architecture in a great part of the city.
HINOJOSA (voice-over): A part of the city so many are vested in.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: It is important that affordable housing be considered.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Where is Chinatown in your proposed blueprint?
HINOJOSA: There will be six forums so the public's voice can be heard. But in the end, how do you build tastefully, respectfully, measuredly? And how does a new generation of Americans build a memorial? There is the Pearl Harbor, large and expansive, the Vietnam Memorial covered with names, the 168 empty chairs of Oklahoma City -- but no modern memorial of this scale for this new millennium.
PAUL GOLDBERGER, NEW YORKER (ph): There is this sort of feeling, this belief that the memorial is just a way to make the survivors feel better. And in fact, while we all want them to feel better, the purpose of a memorial has to be to transcend that. It's also about the broader social mission of helping everyone feel a sense of awe and respect.
HINOJOSA: And for Monica Iken, who lost her young husband, Michael, on September 11, the only reason to rebuild anything on the site is for the memorial.
MONICA IKEN, VICTIM'S WIFE: I'd love to see the whole site be a memorial for the lives that were lost. I'd love to see that. But that's not reality. Reality is that, you know, we need to rebuild. And I would love to see it incorporate everything along with the memorial that it reflects, so that we have a place to heal in the future and a place to go.
HINOJOSA: Maria Hinojosa, CNN, New York.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
FRIEDMAN: In our "News Focus" today, a new way of life in Afghanistan. Things are very different now that the Taliban are no longer in power. The Afghan people are enjoying new freedoms, the freedom, for example, of going to school. But education doesn't come cheap. So UNICEF and some American soldiers are trying to help out.
Anderson Cooper explains.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
ANDERSON COOPER, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): In a poor, run down elementary school on the outskirts of Kabul, students have gathered to give thanks and sing praise. It's Teacher's Day, a celebration of instructors. But the kids here are thankful for more than just that. Today, American soldiers are coming to this classroom. Everyone hopes they'll bring badly needed supplies.
"Our biggest problem is a shortage of books and classroom space," the principal says. "Under the Taliban, we only had six classes of kids. Now we have 12." Schools are free, but supplies cost money, and many families simply can't pay.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: What is your name?
COOPER (on camera): My name is Anderson, what is your name?
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Mine?
COOPER: Yes.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Maila.
COOPER: Maila.
In Afghanistan today, the classrooms are overcrowded.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: What is your name? What is your name?
COOPER: What is my name? My name is Anderson. Anderson.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Anderson.
COOPER: Yes.
UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Anderson.
COOPER: In Afghanistan today, the classrooms are bare, the schools are overcrowded. The kids aren't asking you for chocolate or candies; they want pencils and pens and notebooks.
(voice-over): When the Green Berets arrive, they bring a truck full of goodies donated by UNICEF. Boxes of books, tents, school supplies. Winning hearts and minds, that's what a cynic might call it. But Sergeant Mike says the mission is much more personal than that.
STAFF SGT. MIKE, U.S. ARMY: Changing hearts and minds, yes, that's nice. But I'd just like to say I help the people.
COOPER: Special Forces have expertise in tactics and weapons, but fighting terror, they say, requires more than just that.
MIKE: I can only take a life of this. And then I'm going to shatter everybody else's life who is related to that person. I've always said you can't change a large group of people with a gun only, solely -- you know, solely with a gun. You have to change them at the personal level. And I know that sounds kind of quasi hippy, especially for a soldier to say, but it's true.
COOPER: Mike and his buddies hope to come back here. They'd like to be able to build bigger classrooms, maybe even a latrine.
MIKE: Coming to school here would be one of my better days. Every soldier knows what it's like to get on a plane wondering if you're going to come home, hearing reports of other soldiers that don't. Yes, if I make it back, this would be one of my best days.
COOPER: For soldiers and students, a mission to remember. For one tiny school, a very big day.
Anderson Cooper, CNN, Kabul, Afghanistan.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
FRIEDMAN: Tomorrow the hurricane season begins. The past few seasons have been rather mild with no hurricanes reaching land in the United States. But forecasters warn that this shouldn't lull us into a false sense of security. The weather experts have released their predictions for this year's hurricane season, and Eric Philips has the details.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
ERIC PHILIPS, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): It's been a while since the Continental United States felt the full force of a major hurricane. But forecasters with the National Hurricane Center say that could end this year.
SAMUEL W. BODMAN, DEPUTY SECRETARY OF COMMERCE: We expect to see 9 to 13 tropical storms. Six to eight of those may become hurricanes with two or three classified as major hurricanes.
PHILIPS: Last year there were nine named hurricanes. The year before, 10. Both years the U.S. dodged the bullet. But experts say this is no time for us to get hurricane amnesia.
KEN BURRIS, (ph): So should you be prepared? Most definitely you should be prepared, because that kind of a streak is not going to last.
PHILIPS: And being prepared means having enough food and other supplies in case you're trapped inside or have to make a quick getaway. You should also be familiar with the prescribed evacuation route.
On average, hurricanes cause $5 billion in damage and result in 20 deaths each year in the United States. Even with all their sophisticated tracking equipment, forecasters can't say for sure what this year holds, but they stress...
BODMAN: That it only takes one hurricane to inflict tremendous damage. We want everyone to be as prepared and safe as possible.
PHILIPS: Eric Philips, CNN.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
FRIEDMAN: Do you have the weather bug? Do hurricanes interest you? Well go to our Web site at CNNSTUDENTNEWS.com. There you can check out the Saffir-Simpson Scale and see some incredible photos of past hurricanes. Prepare for a cyclone by going interactive at CNNSTUDENTNEWS.com. (BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
LISA BUSSARD, NATRONA HEIGHTS, PENNSYLVANIA: Hi, I'm Lisa Bussard from Natrona Heights, Pennsylvania. And I'd like to know what more I can do as an individual to help the environment?
ED BEGLEY JR., ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVIST/ACTOR: There are so many things that we can do to help the environment. Every one of our actions are linked to big items like global climate change or ozone depletion. We can begin to just act more efficiently, to take the most environmentally sound form of transportation man has ever invented on the ground, such as a bicycle. Or walking certainly is also wonderful. Public transportation uses a lot less fuel and less congestion on the highways.
MICHAEL BURK, TELEVISION EXECUTIVE PRODUCER: As individuals, plant a tree. It's not a big thing, but there's a lot of symbolism in it. I think, for our children, I would give every child their own tree. Let them nurture it. Let them nurture their garden. Let them nurture something so that they realize that food doesn't just come from the market.
JOHN PAUL DEJORIA, CEO, JOHN PAUL MITCHELL SYSTEMS: There's a lot of things you can do besides recycle paper. You could put together something in your community that makes your city, your state, your country and the world a better place to live.
PAIGE MURPHY, DIRECTOR, TEAM EARTHWORK: I really feel, as an individual, that's where it starts. But as an individual, whether it is picking up your trash or turning off your light switches, simple things every day that you have to really just think: OK, this is easy to do.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
ANNOUNCER: Exploring our world, here now is CNN STUDENT NEWS "Perspectives."
FRIEDMAN: We wrap up our "Perspective" of health in the human body this week with a look at depression. Recently an independent panel of medical experts urged all doctors to screen all of their adult patients for depression. The reason: well, according to the panel, doctors miss about half the cases of depression among adult patients they see.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta takes a look at this very treatable disease.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
DR. SANJAY GUPTA, CNN MEDICAL CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Depression. For millions it taints every thought, every act, every moment. It is more than a solitary struggle when friends and family must watch a loved one descend into misery.
DR. WILLIAM MCDONALD, EMORY UNIVERSITY: If you look at a population of people, who are untreated and have severe major depression, 15 percent of people will eventually go on to kill themselves.
COLLEEN MILLICHAP, DEPRESSION PATIENT: I would sit as if I was glued to a seat for hours. I must get up, and I must do this. And it was almost as if I was paralyzed. I couldn't move, but I didn't think that there was anything wrong with me.
MCDONALD: If you think you have depression, you probably do. And I think if someone sitting around watching the program and saying, boy, I feel sort of sad and blue all the time, but I am not really sure this qualifies, you should go to your doctor and talk to them about the symptoms you're having.
GUPTA: Anti-depressant drugs may be the first treatment, and they are often effective. Ideally, drugs are used in conjunction with counseling.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Is it more or less than it has been or about the same?
GUPTA: For others, a more drastic step is required. Electroconvulsive therapy, also known as ECT or shock treatment. It may sound barbaric to some, but it is much safer than it was 50 years ago, and the truth is, it works.
MCDONALD: Recent studies have shown an effectiveness of 80 to 90 percent and that's in patients who are a) extremely ill, and a majority of whom have failed multiple other anti-depressants. So ECT can be a life saving treatment for these patients.
GUPTA: The one down side? Amnesia. The patient may forget things from the previous two to three days.
A newer therapy applies a strong magnetic field to the brain. In some patients, it may work as well as shock treatment but without the amnesia. Researchers are still studying when and where it is best used. With persistence, patients nearly always find a treatment that offers at least some relief.
For Colleen Millichap, the turnaround was dramatic.
MILLICHAP: I was started on medication right away, one that seemed to be used a great deal for older people, and that is Zoloft. And I was explained to me it would be several weeks before I noticed any difference. In my case, it was four days.
GUPTA: However, before any treatment can be tried, those who suffer depression must take those first steps, recognizing the symptoms and choosing to fight the disease.
DENISE MILLICHAP, RELATIVE: Well, at first, I had no success whatsoever, and I really don't believe that she thought she had a problem, and I had to really nag her.
GUPTA: It may take time and even trial and error to find the treatment plan that works best, and it may take even more time before a particular treatment takes effect. But in time, for the large majority of those who suffer depression, it can be conquered.
Dr. Sanjay Gupta, CNN reporting.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
FRIEDMAN: Well if you needed any more proof that Russia's post- Cold War relationships are warming up, you didn't have to look far this week.
Our Joel Hochmuth has more on Russia's new partnerships on two fronts, the military and the monetary.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
JOEL HOCHMUTH, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): It was a week of major developments, both military and economic, in the evolving relationship between Russia and its one-time enemies during the Cold War.
First on the military front, NATO formally accepted Russia as a junior partner in the alliance formed more than 50 years ago specifically to contain Soviet aggression. While still not technically a member of the 19-member alliance, Russia will now have a say on things like nuclear arms, missile defense and counterterrorism.
BUSH: Today marks an historic achievement for a great alliance and a great European nation. Two former foes are now joined as partners, overcoming 50 years of division and a decade of uncertainty.
HOCHMUTH: The question still to be answered is whether the new arrangement is more symbolism than substance.
CNN's John King covered the proceedings in Rome.
JOHN KING, CNN SENIOR WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT: Many wondering whether this military alliance should persevere anyway. Many leaders today raising just that question, saying it is critical that Russia and NATO show substantive cooperation in the war on terrorism, substantive cooperation when it comes to weapons proliferation. One of the key issues is Russian sales of military technology to Iran, Russian nuclear dealings with Iran. So in the months ahead that question will be asked by skeptics who believe this might be just symbolism.
HOCHMUTH: That same question about substance versus symbolism is being asked on the economic front as well. Leaders of the European Union met in Moscow Wednesday. The EU, of course, is the group of 15 European nations that have joined together in a unified economic block. The EU has decided to formally grant market economy status to Russia, a designation that means exports from the former communist giant won't face the kind of tariffs and taxes it used to pay. The move is seen as a major victory for Russian President Vladimir Putin, making his economy more competitive in Europe and potentially paving the way to admission into the World Trade Organization.
JAVIER SOLANA, EU FOREIGN POLICY CHIEF: What is important is that we construct a solid relationship. Is it an important part in it? Very important part in it for the Europeans -- for the Europeans -- members of the European Union. As we know, we are going to enlarge the European Union. The borders of the European Union are moving east, therefore the border between Russia and the European (UNINTELLIGIBLE) we are closer and therefore we want to construct a solid and fruitful relationship.
HOCHMUTH: The move doesn't mean Russia will actually become a member of the EU. That's something Moscow hasn't even requested. But it is another sign of warming in once icy relationships formed during decades of Cold War.
Joel Hochmuth, CNN Student News.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
CNN STUDENT NEWS starting June 17 new airtime 4:00 a.m. Eastern Time and 1:00 a.m. Pacific Time.
FRIEDMAN: Earlier in the show you watched the ceremony at ground zero. The solemn occasion provides an opportunity to reflect on the state of affairs in the United States. Civil liberties in America have taken on new meaning since the September 11 terrorist attacks. Heightened security has made it a little more difficult for people to come and go as they please.
And as our Student Bureau reports, it's caused many people to adjust their lives and reevaluate their rights as American citizens.
(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)
ALLISON WALKER, CNN STUDENT BUREAU (voice-over): From the top floor of the former World Trade Center, the Statue of Liberty could best be seen right here, inside the gift shop. But a closer look into the role of civil liberties has changed since America entered an age of terrorism.
HANNAH MCGWAIN, COLLEGE STUDENT: People are more aware of their civil liberties, their right to privacy.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The future -- just normal everyday activities will not be done the same way.
WALKER: The term civil liberties has permeated conversations since the September 11 attacks brought heightened security to airports and public places. These fundamental individual rights, like freedom of religion, the right to privacy and protection against discrimination, are outlined in the bill of rights. But they are much more, according to German journalist, Gunther Latsch.
GUNTHER LATSCH, EDITOR: Civil liberties is much more widespread or what is -- it goes much deeper into the heart of the society than that so-called (UNINTELLIGIBLE) which is -- which is the basis of everything.
WALKER: Latsch's report emphasized the importance of individual rights. But you don't have to be a specialist to notice a change in civil liberties. Just ask any college student who has to travel, knowing they could be arbitrarily be stopped and searched.
IRENE CEISEL, COLLEGE STUDENT: All of our civil liberties have been narrowed and a little bit infringed upon, but it's worth it because the U.S. is at war. And when we're at war, all of us will have to suffer.
WALKER: That's something the United States District Judge Marvin Schooe says he has come to accept.
MARVIN SCHOOE, U.S. DISTRICT JUDGE: There's been some curtailment of our privacy, but it -- I think this is a price we're going to have to pay for our protection.
WALKER: But the small things, like not being able to carry a nail filer through an airport checkpoint, remind Americans that they are still at risk of attack.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: New Yorkers have been pretty accepting of those changes. They really see the necessity for it.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: If it's inconvenient for me, then big whoop, it's inconvenient for me. That's something that I'll have to deal with. It's a lot less than most other people are going to have to deal with.
WALKER (on camera): To some degree, Americans are more willing to accept and tolerate an infringement on privacy. But is an age of terrorism permitting the government to violate civil liberties?
(voice-over): Just over a month after 9/11, the U.S.A. Patriot Act broadened the government's power to monitor private e-mail and allowed police a search warrant to enter a home without the owner's knowledge. A curtailment of privacy, perhaps, but a protective measure nonetheless.
More obvious changes are in airports.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: You definitely have to be a little bit more open to search and to questions.
WALKER: Some Arab-Americans or even those who look Arab say they have become victims of racial profiling while traveling.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: They got very close to me and said, sir, do you speak English? And I say, hey, you know, I'm here from New York, you know. And they kind of liked smirked about it. But something like that that's done in a joking matter, I don't know, I mean where do you take it from there?
SCHOOE: I think we would be foolish not to focus our attention on those people more likely to cause us harm.
MCGWAIN: And it could be little old lady grandma next door that could carry the next bomb. WALKER: National security officials say suspicions towards certain ethnicities and infringement on rights to privacy will continue as long as America's security is at stake. But Americans are adapting to these changes.
UNIDENTIFIED MALE: We're getting back to normal, but it is still there and it's there every day.
WALKER: Allison Walker, CNN Student Bureau, New York.
(END VIDEOTAPE)
FRIEDMAN: Before we leave you today, we wanted to tell you about the outcome of the National Spelling Bee. Thirteen-year-old Pratyush Buddiga is the nation's newest spelling champ. He won after spelling the word prospicience, which means foresight. The seventh grader survived 11 rounds, outlasting 249 other contestants. He takes home an engraved trophy and $12,000.
Yesterday, we told you about Knoxville, Tennessee's Alexandra French who's advancing nicely in the competition. The 13-year-old made it as far as round 5 before she was eliminated.
Well you want to test your gray matter, click on to CNNSTUDENTNEWS.com and try your hand at our news quiz and see if you can discover the person profiled in our "Who Am I" brain teaser. Plus loads of news for you.
And that wraps up another week of CNN STUDENT NEWS. Have a great weekend. We'll see you Monday.
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