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CNN Student News

Aired July 29, 2002 - 04:30   ET

THIS IS A RUSH TRANSCRIPT. THIS COPY MAY NOT BE IN ITS FINAL FORM AND MAY BE UPDATED.

ANNOUNCER: You're watching CNN STUDENT NEWS seen in schools around the world because learning never stops and neither does the news.
SUSAN FRIEDMAN, CO-HOST: A daring and miraculous rescue in Pennsylvania begins our week and tops our show. Then, we delve into our "Mailbag" to answer your questions about money. Later, we head to the kitchen for a lesson in culture and heritage. History gives way to technology as we learn the ways and means of digital media.

Welcome to a new week of CNN STUDENT NEWS. I'm Susan Friedman.

A celebration of survival in Somerset, Pennsylvania, nine coal miners are recuperating after making it through a grueling ordeal some 250 feet below ground. The men were pulled to light early Sunday morning after spending three days trapped in a cramped, flooded mine shaft. The accident happened at Quecreek Mine after a wall separating the men from an older abandoned mine ruptured and flooded their work area.

The rescue operation was difficult and at times discouraging. At one point Friday, a 1,500 pound drill bit digging a wider shaft broke, stalling the rescue effort for most of the day. But the hard work paid off. Doctors say, to their amazement, all of the miners are doing fine.

CNN's Jeff Flock has more now on the miracle at the mine.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

GOV. MIKE SCHWEIKER, PENNSYLVANIA: All nine are alive.

JEFF FLOCK, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Confirmation from Governor Mike Schweiker of his wildest of dreams.

SCHWEIKER: All nine are alive, and we believe that all nine are in pretty good shape, and the families now know that. So, incredible.

FLOCK: Minutes earlier, drillers punched through the last of 239 feet of rock into what they hoped was a pressurized refuge. Down the former air hole goes a two-way. Miraculously, someone on the other end is there.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: There is an undying faith there that these guys were coming out. I mean, I never lost faith. I knew they were coming out. FLOCK: At 1:00 a.m., 43-year-old Randy Fogle, complaining of chest pains, becomes the first miner out of the hole. Minutes later he is airlifted to the trauma center in Johnstown where we talked to his doctor.

DR. RICHARD SALUZZO: Some patients in this kind of situation when they lay on one part of their body for a day or two they get breakdown out of their muscle and that can injure their kidneys. So we need to do a lot of -- a large work-up still on him before we give him a clean bill of health.

FLOCK: Not long after, a live hookup is established with the drill site, and the families, America and the world watched them emerge one by one every 15 minutes or so, coal soaked and wet. One man amazingly even had some juice left in his headlamp. As they come up in a cage-like cylinder last successfully in a mine rescue in 1972, their names are read to reporters.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Number two miner at 1:15 a.m., Harry Mayhugh. That's M-A-Y-H-U-G-H. Name, Tom Foy, F like Frank, O-Y.

FLOCK: The rescuers plagued by broken bits and other setbacks along the way say they won't celebrate until all nine are lifted up. And with 41-year-old Mark Popernack, who apparently helped organize the group below, the last man does emerge.

SCHWEIKER: For the world to see, to be accomplished in such magnificent style makes it a beautiful ending.

FLOCK: I'm Jeff Flock, CNN, Somerset, Pennsylvania.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

FRIEDMAN: Since 1870, about 58,000 Pennsylvania miners have been killed on the job, but there's only been one fatality in the past couple of years. One of the miners pulled from the flooded shaft Sunday said he thought he was going to be added to that statistic.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

BLAINE MAYHUGH, RESCUED MINER: It was Thursday or -- around 12:00 noon and the water started rising and we was running out of room. So I asked the boss if he had a pen. And he knew what for. I said well I want to write my wife and kids, you know, to tell them I love them and you know. So -- and then my father-in-law, he called us all together so we wouldn't float away from each other...

... hold together, so we wanted to wait for each other. And then the boss said, well, we got one more try. He said, number one entry is higher, so everybody let's go there and give that a shot, you know. And then, we got out there, and water seemed like it stopped, and then for about a day and a half, it stayed at that level. And we didn't know what to think.

QUESTION: When did you become aware of efforts to rescue you? MAYHUGH: We heard the big drill on and off, but we thought maybe they couldn't find us or maybe they broke down or -- we didn't know what to think. You had your high points and low points every day. I mean, you're like, OK, it sounds good. And then at one time the drill -- I think we timed it. It was like 16 hours, we've never heard it run again, so we thought, well, maybe they gave up on this or something major happens. You know, we had no idea what to think.

QUESTION: What got you really through?

MAYHUGH: A miracle. God. Between God and my wife and kids, that's the only thing that got me through.

QUESTION: Did you say any sort of prayers down there?

MAYHUGH: Yeah. Yes.

QUESTION: You all started tapping on the drill when it came down. Why is that?

MAYHUGH: When they first gave us the air shaft, six-inch air shaft, we hit on that right away, and we got a response. But it didn't go maybe an hour later and the water came up too high, and we had to get back out of there. So then we proceeded on beating on the roof back where we was, hoping they'd locate us over there, which we never -- you're supposed to get shot blast from up above, which we never heard.

QUESTION: The compartment that you were in, could you sit down in there? (UNINTELLIGIBLE). The water was still cold.

MAYHUGH: Well, we was on dry, actually. We had maybe 50 feet by 20 feet compartment that was relatively dry -- I'm not going to say dry, but the bottom was moist and...

QUESTION: How were you guys holding on?

MAYHUGH: Snuggling each other. Laying up against each other, or sitting back to back to each other, anything to produce body heat, you know.

QUESTION: (OFF-MIKE)

MAYHUGH: Anything imaginable. About the family, last thing you said to your family, you know, before you left work -- for work that day. You know, and the only day of my life I never kissed my wife before I went to work, and that had to be the day there.

QUESTION: How -- who was it that really kept you together (UNINTELLIGIBLE)?

MAYHUGH: Everybody. Everybody had strong moments. But any certain time maybe one guy got down and then the rest pulled together, and then that guy would get back up and maybe someone else would feel a little weaker, but it was a team effort. That's the only way it could have been. QUESTION: Did you have a sense about how long you were down there?

MAYHUGH: Yeah, I kept looking at my watch, and we knew exactly it was Saturday or Thursday night or Friday. We kept track.

QUESTION: Were there other ways that you passed the time?

MAYHUGH: No. There was no -- no lights, because we was down to maybe two lights and we had to spare them, and we just used two lights for two guys maybe going out to see if we could see the drill coming through, and then everybody would stay back, and then, you know, vice versa, two separate guys would go at certain times, and then we'd beat on the roof, you know, just take turns.

QUESTION: How was it when the drill came through?

MAYHUGH: It was hard to hear. It was so noisy down there. We could actually hear the drill, but we couldn't tell it came through. Different times we thought it was through and it wasn't through. Then the last time when I guess it did go through, some -- I think it was your father-in-law and the other -- Ron Hileman, he came up and said, we've got a hole, everybody come down here, and we just started yelling up, "help, help, please get us out."

(END VIDEOTAPE)

FRIEDMAN: Making "Headlines," Pope John Paul II speaks publicly for the first time about the sex scandal that rocked the Catholic Church. During Sunday Mass at World Youth Day in Toronto, the Pope urged young people not to let the scandal affect their relationship with the church.

Jim Bittermann has more.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

JIM BITTERMANN, CNN CORRESPONDENT: For most of these World Youth Days, American bishops and priests have tried to keep the focus away from the sexual abuse scandals in the U.S.

But to the surprise of some, Pope John Paul II took up the matter directly. At an outdoor mass for hundreds of thousands, the Pope, for the first time since the crisis broke earlier this year, publicly told young people about his sense of sadness and shame over it.

"Do not be discouraged," the Pope said, "by the failings of some members of the church." And then he added with special emphasis ...

POPE JOHN PAUL II: But, think of the vast majority of dedicated and generous priests whose only wish is to serve and do good.

(APPLAUSE)

BITTERMANN: Several young people in the crowd were happy the Pope addressed the subject. UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: Now, when there (ph), said all over the world or to all kinds of people, it can get very big what he says then, that he really condemns it in public.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: I think he did a good job. And I think that, what he said, it made a lot of sense to me.

BITTERMANN: The papal mass came after an all-night vigil, during which the Pope reminded young people, the 21st century started with the 2000th anniversary of the birth of Christ, and the anger and hatred of the September 11 attacks.

"God has entrusted you," John Paul said, "in the building of the civilization of love."

(END VIDEOTAPE)

FRIEDMAN: President Bush's economic team is encouraging Americans to be hopeful about the economy. With Wall Street taking a beating and corporate scandals erupting weekly, Americans are more unsure than ever about their financial outlooks.

CNN's Kelly Wallace looks at how the White House is addressing those concerns.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

KELLY WALLACE, CNN WHITE HOUSE CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Criticized for being in Central Asia as the U.S. stock market started to dive, Treasury Secretary Paul O'Neill hits the Sunday talk shows, rejecting any suggestion he could be doing more to calm the markets.

PAUL O'NEILL, TREASURY SECRETARY: I don't think one individual can say words that will cause the market to go one direction or another for any sustained period of time.

WALLACE: The embattled treasury secretary laughs off questions about whether he might resign. He has been the target of critics, who believe President Bush has a strong national security team, but argue it's a different story when it comes to his economic advisers.

SEN. JOE LIEBERMAN (D), CONNECTICUT: I think that the Bush administration is suffering from an economic leadership deficit.

WALLACE: The White House dismisses that criticism, calling it "the typical Washington blame game." But hoping to change perceptions, the president's team fanned out this weekend. All were on message.

O'NEILL: The economic fundamentals of our society are good.

LAWRENCE LINDSEY, WHITE HOUSE ECONOMIC ADVISER: The long-term for America is fabulous.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: The economy is doing well. WALLACE: The Bush strategy to boost consumer confidence, talk up the industry and talk tough about corporate wrongdoers. Like calling attention to the highly publicized arrest last week of Adelphia Communications executives and warning other corporate leaders could suffer the same fate.

LINDSEY: When people break the law, they have to face the consequences.

WALLACE (on camera): White House advisers hope that message, combined with the signing this week by President Bush of a new corporate accountability bill, will calm jittery investors, well aware if these and other steps don't boost consumer confidence, the president's party could have the most to lose in the November elections.

Kelly Wallace, CNN, the White House.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

FRIEDMAN: The economy is on the minds of everyone these days. As we look into our "Mailbag," one Chicago viewer asks, "How do you first start out in the stock market?"

Well it's a great question, and to answer that we go to financial expert Scott Macolino.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

SCOTT MACOLINO, MONEY EXPERT: We seem, in this country, to have a concept of immediate gratification. And immediate gratification syndrome brings with it a lack of savings. So the more someone goes out, again, immediately gratify their need for toys, big homes, cars, et cetera, the lower their savings rate's going to be.

Why pay yourself first?

Now what I've done is ever since I was a young -- a young kid is, and again I had paper routes and I worked in restaurants and I waited tables, again, I just put away a predetermined percentage of my pay since I was 15 years old. And that money has never been spent and it's grown and grown and grown over time.

Paying yourself first is, I think, an easy concept to understand. Because, again, for teenagers or younger people, the temptations to go out and buy clothes or CDs with the money that you get, we have found again you'd be much better off to take that -- some of those dollars and first put it away in some sort of savings plan, an organized savings plan, and then buy those things that you don't really need. Over time, we have found that those who start saving at a younger age, No. 1, developed the better savings habits and those habits will stay with you pretty much for the rest of your life.

Savings accounts and CDs are very different. Savings accounts provide the individual with complete flexibility. You can put your money in today and take it out tomorrow. As a result, they give you a lower level of return.

CDs are a little different because although they guarantee a certain rate of return, your money is locked up for a certain period of time.

CD stands for certificate of deposit. Usually with larger financial institutions, an individual will take their dollars, give it to, for instance, a large bank. The bank will take those dollars, invest it for a person and guarantee a certain rate of return. However, there's a little bit of lack of flexibility there because there's sometimes a back end penalty for taking your money out early.

And usually CDs will run from three months, six months, a year. Some CDs even go as far out as five years. The longer you go out, the higher rate of return you're going to get.

The stock market is a way for individual investors to own parts of the biggest and best companies in the world. So an individual goes out and buys a stock, they're actually owning a piece of a company. And it's great for young investors to start and form those kind of habits. Because we found over time, and I say time I say 7, 10, 15 years, over those longer periods of time, we have found that the stock gives superior performance and superior returns to other forms of investment.

Young people, I think, have an awesome opportunity if they start investing in the stock market at a very young age. Because, again, the stock market over longer periods of time will give you superior performance. However, associated with that better performance is a higher level of risk. As we've seen in the last couple of years, the market doesn't always go up. It can go down. So if an individual wants to get in the stock market, they just need to understand if their timeframe is less than five years with that money, my rule of thumb is it shouldn't be in the market, it should be in some other form of investment.

Mutual funds are a wonderful way for younger investors or those investors who don't have a lot of capital to get in the market. A mutual fund is an investment that owns a lot of other investments, smaller investments. Mutual funds can either be invested in stocks or bonds. And in a mutual fund, you own a series of stocks or a series of bonds, not just one stock or one bond.

The big advantage for smaller investors is that it gives you the ability to diversify or spread your portfolio over perhaps hundreds of different stocks or hundreds of different bonds with an insignificant sum of money. So for younger investors or smaller investors, mutual funds are wonderful. But remember, you don't actually own the shares of Merrill Lynch or General Electric, you own shares of the mutual fund. So it's an indirect form of ownership.

Get started.

I think it's wonderful for young people to start with small amounts to get invested in the stock market. Remember the stock market can be for everyone, especially young people. Young people should be encouraged, again, to get the highest rate of return they can over longer periods of time.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

FRIEDMAN: Last Friday we featured more money talk with Mr. Macolino. You can check your STUDENT NEWS archives for that. For future reference, keep your eye on us this fall as the discussion of personal finance continues. But we want to hear from you before then so e-mail us at CNNSTUDENTNEWS.com.

ANNOUNCER: Exploring our world, here now is CNN STUDENT NEWS "Perspectives."

FRIEDMAN: The glamour, the stars, the excitement, this week in "Perspectives" we're all about Hollywood. And there's probably no better place to kick things off than Grauman's Chinese Theatre. About four million people visit the theater every year, and they're not all going there to see a movie. It's what's on the outside that intrigues many.

CNN's Anne McDermott explains.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

ANNE McDERMOTT, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): Good movie. But, a great theater. Grauman's Chinese Theatre. Maybe the most famous theater on earth. It opened 75 years ago, with Cecil B. DeMille's "King of Kings." And, get a load of that Mary Magdalene.

But tourists like Grauman's for its cement. Like the cement Eddie Murphy is sticking his feet in.

It all began in 1927, when Sid Grauman persuaded superstars Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks to leave their paw prints outside his movie palace. The gimmick quickly became a staple of newsreels. Here Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell publicized "Gentlemen Prefer Blondes," in which they play rivals. But not to worry.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Off stage are as friendly as sorority sisters.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

McDERMOTT: Right.

Also, immortalized at Grauman's: Cary Grant, Humphrey Bogart, Michael and Kirk, and Roy and Trigger. But, no, not Dale.

Some of the ceremonies are silly. John Barrymore, known for his great profile, imprinted his great profile.

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Leave it to thespian John to make it unconventional. (END VIDEO CLIP)

McDERMOTT: Johnny Grant, the honorary mayor of Hollywood, has presided over lots of cement ceremonies and loves this old theater, which was newly refurbished. But he says it wasn't always just a movie palace.

JOHNNY GRANT, UNOFFICIAL MAYOR OF HOLLYWOOD: This theater used to show the boxing matches, you know, that were...

McDERMOTT: But the movies made it. "Titanic," for one. It premiered here. Right, Leo?

(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)

LEONARDO DI CAPRIO, ACTOR: I've never had to have such immense endurance in my entire life.

(END VIDEO CLIP)

McDERMOTT: Is he talking about making the movie, or sitting through it?

Meanwhile, back at the cement, some female stars would purposely wear shoes that were too small. Imagine that. Hollywood faking it!

And we love it.

Anne McDermott, CNN, Los Angeles.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

FRIEDMAN: During Colonial times, millions of Africans were transported to North America, the Caribbean and other parts of the world as slaves; an historic occurrence known as the African Diaspora. Though scattered, the Africans managed to retain many of their traditions. And today, many black people can trace their cultural roots through food.

Reporter Femi Oke recently participated in a cooking class called "From Shore to Ship to Shores" and filed this report.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

FEMI OKE, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): From the fried chicken of the American South to the jerk chicken of the Caribbean, Africans have left their culinary mark on many dishes throughout the Diaspora.

In this class, Master Chef Tim Patridge is teaching students to cook a variety of different foods, all of which contain the unique flavor of Africa.

TIM PATRIDGE, CHEF: We play Africa's game, they took it on to a different level by doing it with chicken, pork, fish, lobster and everything. But the thing about the jerk part was they actually just -- it was jerked off the bone when they ate it. OKE: Combining traditional recipes with the local ingredients, enslaved Africans created totally new cuisines. So West African Jalop (ph) Rice became New Orleans Red Beans and Rice, Stewed Peas and Rice in Jamaica or even Hopin' John in Georgia.

PATRIDGE: A lot of the history of any humans can be found in their food ways. If you could trace back any group of people, part of their history belongs and you can tell who they are by what they ate and how they ate and when they ate it.

OKE: Sweet drinks to cool you down in the hot African climate or these students in this sauna-like kitchen. Well they became very popular in both the American South and the Caribbean. Some choices on offer here: refreshing spice pineapple juice, ice tea made with natural sugar or maybe even a creamy cool glass of carrot juice and rum.

Cornmeal and flour were cooking staples for slaves in the American South, so African comfort food like fufu (ph) evolved into what this family in Chicago is making ho cakes (ph).

MICHELLE BIBBS, STUDENT: For me it was a chance to learn some of the history between the food cultures -- the three different food cultures -- and that was -- that was what was most interesting to me.

OKE: Maybe dishes like this frogmore stew will make their way onto student's tables as well.

Reporting from the National Black Arts Festival, Femi Oke, CNN, Atlanta.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

JESSE MONTGOMERY, MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA: Hello, my name is Jesse Montgomery. I'm from Minneapolis, Minnesota. And my question is what language has the most words?

JOHN MORSE, PRESIDENT AND PUBLISHER, MERRIAM-WEBSTER, INC.: Well that's a very interesting question. I think the answer is going to be English. We're a little careful because nobody really knows how many words are in any language. But most people agree that it's probably English.

And the reason is that the English really is the coming together of two languages about a thousand years ago, the coming together of the Germanic languages, which really are the root of English, and French languages. And because those two languages came together, we have a huge word hoard, a lot more than other languages do.

But also over the years English speakers have been particularly open to incorporating words from other languages into our own language. There's a lot of talk about multiculturalism these days. Probably the most multicultural thing in the world is the English language and that really has enriched it and enlarged it. (END VIDEOTAPE)

FRIEDMAN: High art is going high tech. Researchers have developed a new tool that enables artists to paint on a three- dimensional canvas.

Kristie Lu Stout reports on painting by pixels.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

KRISTIE LU STOUT, CNN CORRESPONDENT (voice-over): In the brief history of modern art, the paintbrush has been replaced by a mixed media collage. The silk screen, even naked models covered in blue paint. Tools of the trade do for a digital upgrade. Enter the Body- Brush, an interface that maps the movements of an artist in a three- dimensional space, translating the action into art.

YOUNG HAY, ARTIST: This interface treats the body as a brush. So traditionally we just rely on the hands to use the tool to apply paint onto the canvas. But in this interface, we can treat the whole body as a whole, as a dynamic brush.

STOUT: Hong Kong artist Young Hay developed the Body-Brush with a computer science professor, Horace Ip of Hong Kong City University. Together, they learned how to capture movement with infrared illumination censors which interact with advanced motion analysis software. A high-tech approach to abstract art.

(on camera): So an artist enters the Body-Brush room...

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Right.

STOUT: ... and they want to create an image, let's say a wide stroke in the color green. How do they do it?

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Well, if you see on the floor, there is the color palette what we call. This corner red, that corner is yellow and so on. So to pick the color, he want to draw the brush is depending on where he entered this three-dimensional canvas space. So he control what color he or she want to pick from the brush stroke.

STOUT: So you enter from that corner here, pick up red and you...

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Pick up the red and come in and do your body movement and out come the color stroke in red.

STOUT (voice-over): The effect: vibrant splashes of color inspired by the American abstract expressionist, Jackson Pollock and his action painting; a technique used to reflect the physical energy of the painter. That may help sell the Body-Brush to the art community.

HAY: Obviously, when they use the machine, a lot of them are reluctant to use the machine. Actually, you know, they think the machine is cold and inhuman. But with the body -- I mean, by using the body to interact with the machine, it can really create that kind of new relationship with the machine.

STOUT: A machine that may inspire new strokes of genius.

Kristie Lu Stout, CNN, Hong Kong.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

FRIEDMAN: Art on canvas isn't the only art form being affected by technology. The age of digital media is here and it could be coming to a classroom near you.

CNN Student Bureau breaks it down.

(BEGIN VIDEOTAPE)

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: OK, let's shoot this scene.

UNIDENTIFIED MALE: Action.

UNIDENTIFIED FEMALE: OK, you look great.

TOM NAMEY, CNN STUDENT BUREAU (voice-over): This may look like the set of this summer's blockbuster film, but it's really a classroom. The advent of affordable video production equipment is giving students a hands-on look at the art of filmmaking, like these students at Oglethorpe University in Atlanta. In one semester they will write, cast, film and edit a 20-minute motion picture. A few years ago and none of this would have been possible.

ANNETTE HAYWOOD-CARTER, MOVIE DIRECTOR, FILMMAKING PROF.: Desktop editing and digital video has revolutionized filmmaking by putting it literally in the hands of everyone. Anyone who has an idea can make a movie or can express themselves in that way.

NAMEY: High-quality digital video cameras are now extremely affordable. These cameras offer outstanding picture quality, relative ease of use and the versatility that the digital video format has to offer.

Once the students have captured their footage, it's off to the editing suite. Postproduction used to be the most expensive part of the filmmaking process, not anymore. Now all you need is a high- powered desktop computer, some Firewire cable and editing software. Apple's Final Cut Pro is especially popular in education, allowing undergrads to edit their film just like Hollywood pros.

FREDRIX MOBERG, FILMMAKING STUDENT: And we always use a tutorial and after that it was pretty straight forward. The controls are nice and easy. You didn't need a lot of computer experience to use this program which was nice.

NAMEY: Once their footage was in the computer, the imagination is the limit. Video clips are sequenced, audio levels adjusted, even theme music is added. And in three months, students leave with a 20- minute production with their names on it and an eye on Hollywood.

Tom Namey, CNN Student Bureau, Atlanta.

(END VIDEOTAPE)

"Where in the World" founded in 1887, located in the second largest urban area in the U.S., home to Grauman's Chinese Theatre? Can you name this place? Hollywood, California, U.S.A.

FRIEDMAN: Well tomorrow we'll take you to the other side of Hollywood. We'll visit a celebrity cemetery like no other. So, it's a date. We'll see you tomorrow.

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